We analysed retrospectively pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin and amikacin in 44 and 58 Korean pediatric patients, respectively, with normal renal function. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from two concentrations in serum by method of Sawchuck. There was wide individual variation in peak serum concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin, Administration of the usually recommended doses yielded subtherapeutic concentrations in 47% and 82%, respectevely, of patients in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin. The volumes of distribution of gentamicin and amikacin in children of over 1 year of age were 0.37+/-0.13L/kg and 0.41+/-0.13L/kg which are greater than those reported from the western countries. We conclude that the wide individual variation and high frequency of subtherapeutic levels in the peak concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin obtained by usually recommended dosage as well as the narrow safety margin of these drugs necessitate monitoring of serum concentration and adjustment of individual dosage regimen early in the course of treatment with aminoglycosides.
Amikacin* ; Aminoglycosides ; Child* ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Retrospective Studies

Background: Topical steroids are the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory agents in dermatology, and patients often experience various adverse events of topical steroid application. Patients’ awareness of adverse effects and understanding of coping strategies for these unwanted events are pivotal elements for the safe use of topical steroids. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prescribing pattern of topical steroids and patient education for safe use by dermatologists and non-dermatology specialists in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to dermatologists, pediatricians, and other specialists through an online survey.A total of 444 answers were analyzed; then, the numbers were adjusted according to the nationwide proportion of specialists prescribing topical steroids. The total number of respondents was set to 720 after the adjustment. Results: Dermatologists prescribed topical steroids to 49% of their patients, while other specialist doctors prescribed to 6.4% of the patients. Mid-potency steroids were most commonly prescribed (52.9%), followed by low/weak potency (37.6%), in adjusted analysis. Overall, 12.5% of all respondents and 14.5% of dermatologists reported adverse events due to topical steroids within the last month. The physicians spent 2.1 minutes on average (2.0 minutes for dermatologists) for patient education on proper use of topical steroids. The majority (79.1%) of physicians informed patients of the fact that the prescription contained steroids, while some were reluctant to disclose this information because of the negative perception about steroids in the general population. Conclusion This survey provides thorough information on the current status of prescription, counseling condition, doctors’ perception of patients’ knowledge of adverse events, and proper use of topical steroids.

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are available both as over-the-counter drugs and prescription medicines at pharmacies.Although they are generally safe drugs, inappropriate and excessive use could result in potential side effects. Thus, it is important to have appropriate knowledge regarding the use of TCs. We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess public knowledge and the potential misuse or overuse of TCs. Methods: A cross-sectional and nationwide online survey was conducted among participants who were aware of TCs. The survey items included sources of information, indications, potential side effects, and methods of application of TCs. A comparative analysis was conducted between those with (TC users) and without (TC non-users) an experience of using TCs. Results: Among 3,000 participants, 74.4% were TC users. The mass media was the most common information source of TCs, and only one-third of the surveyed people relied on pharmacists or doctors for information. Regarding indications and application methods, incorrect answer rate was high in some items, but respondents showed adequate knowledge. However, awareness of the safety of TCs was low. Overall, the TC users showed a higher knowledge of TCs than TC non-users. Conclusions Public knowledge of the use of TCs appears to be appropriate. However, we found potential misuse or overuse of some items and a lack of awareness of the side effects concerning TCs. Thus, healthcare professionals’ significant role is required.

We aimed to assess one-year persistence with antihypertensive therapy (AHT) among newly treated uncomplicated hypertensive patients in Korea and to evaluate the effect of initial therapeutic classes on persistence. We retrospectively analyzed a random sample of 20% of newly treated uncomplicated hypertensive patients (n = 45,787) in 2012 from the National Health Insurance claims database. This group was classified into six cohorts based on initial AHT class. We then measured treatment persistence, allowing a prescription gap of 60 days. Adherence to AHT was assessed with the medication possession ratio. Calcium channel blockers (CCB, 43.7%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB, 40.3%) were most commonly prescribed as initial monotherapy. Overall, 62.1% and 42.0% were persistent with any AHT and initial class at one year, respectively, and 64.2% were adherent to antihypertensive treatment. Compared with ARBs, the risk of AHT discontinuation was significantly increased with initial use of thiazide diuretics (hazard ratio [HR], 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.96-3.74) and beta blockers (HR, 1.86; CI, 1.77-1.95) and was minimally increased with CCBs (HR, 1.12; CI, 1.08-1.15). In conclusion, persistence and adherence to AHT are suboptimal, but the differences are meaningful in persistence and adherence between initial AHT classes.
Adolescent ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents/classification/*therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/*drug therapy ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Young Adult