Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is a particularly local advanced breast cancer,which has characters of high invasion,high metastasis and high human mortality.Because of high malignancy and rapid development,extensive body metastasis often happens in early stage and the prognosis is very poor.Currently,the therapy strategy of operation,chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy is used to treat IBC.However,the effect is always very limited.Now,the advances in researches of molecular biology and cancer immunology bring hope.Some recent progresses of therapy in IBC are reviewed in the article.

Objective To explore the effect of intrahepatic injection of liposome-mediated VEGF plasmid on ischemia-reper-fusion liver injury and its mechanism. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, ischemia-reperfusion group and recombinant VEGF therapy group( liposome-mediated transfer of VEGF plasmid into liver via portal vein 20 min before ischemia of liver). The model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury was established. Liver function and the activity of SOD.XO in blood were determined at the 0,2nd,6th,12th,and 24th h after operation. RT-PCR technique was applied to detect the expression level of Fas mRNA in liver tissues of every group,and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis rate at the 6th h after operation. At the 24th h after operation,all rabbits were killed and liver tissues of ischemia were taken to make pathological sections for observing the morphology and microstructure under the light microscopy and electron microscopy. ResuJts The level of ALT in recombinant VEGF therapy group was markedly reduced as compared with ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th,12th,and 24th h after operation( P<0. 05). The activity of SOD in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly higher than in ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th, 12th,and 24th h after operation. The activity of XO in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly lower than that in ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th,12th,and 24th h after operation(P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01). In addition,there was significant difference in the expression of Fas mRNA and cell apoptosis rate between recombinant VEGF therapy group and ischemia-reperfusion group(P<0. 01). The injury of hepatocytes in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly alleviated as compared with that in ischemia-reperfusion group under the light microscopy and e-lectron microscopy. Conclusion Liposome-mediated transfer of VEGF plasmid into liver before ischemia of liver can obviously protect hepatocytes by increasing anti-oxidative ability, decreasing the expression of Fas mRNA, and finally inhibiting hepato-cyte apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the application v al ue of stereotactic vacuum-assisted core needle breast biopsy (Mammotome biopsy) for breast masses and the surgical treatment for atypical ductal hyperplasia (AD H) detected by the Mammotome biopsy. Methods Ultrasound guide d Mammotome biopsies and corresponding surgical management were carried out in 3 2 patients (39 lesions) in this hospital between March 2003 and January 2004. Results Of the 32 patients (39 lesions), fibroadenosis was diag nosed in 24 patients (31 lesions), plasma cell mastitis in 1 patient, atypical d uctal hyperplasia in 4 patients, and breast cancer, 3 patients. Of the 4 patient s with atypical hyperplasia, a re-operation was conducted and a confirmative dia gnosis of atypical hyperplasia was made in 2 patients, while the oral administra tion of Tamoxifen was given in 1 patient with mild atypical hyperplasia and in 1 patient with moderate to severe hyperplasia. Conclusions For patients with severe ADH detected by the Mammotome biopsy, a re-operation is req uired. For patients with mild to moderate ADH: if the breast mass is palpable pr eoperatively, a surgical excision is recommended; if the patient has non-palpabl e masses with negative family history, in condition that the lesion has been ent irely removed, the surgery is not necessary and the oral administration of Tamox ifen with regular follow-up is indicated.

Objective To explore the expression of p130Cas and c-erbB-2 in human breast carcinoma and the relationship between p130Cas and c-erbB-2 levels with clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemistry SP staining was applied to detect the expression of p130Cas and c-erbB-2 in tumor tissues from 53 cases of human primary breast carcinoma,10 cases of breast fibroadenoma and in 10 cases of normal breast tissues. Results Breast carcinoma tissues showed higher levels of p130Cas and c-erbB-2 than normal and fibroadenoma tissues(both P＜0.01).The expression of p130Cas was related with age, menopausal status, ER, PR status and histological grades, but not related with tumor size, lymph node status and pathological stages. The expression of c-erbB-2 was related with ER status, histological grades and lymph node status, but not related with age, menopausal status, PR status, tumor size and pathological stages. There were no significant correlations between p130Cas and c-erbB-2. Conclusion p130Cas and c-erbB-2 have relations with the malignant transformation and differentiation of breast carcinoma.c-erbB-2 is associated with metastasis of breast carcinoma.p130Cas and c-erbB-2 can be served as useful indicators in the prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Objective To explore the expression of p130Cas and paxillin in human breast carcinoma and to investigate the relationships of p130Cas and paxillin levels with clinical and pathological characteristics.Methods SP immunohistochemistry staining was applied to detect the expression of p130Cas and paxillin in tumor tissues from 53 cases of primary breast carcinoma,10 cases of breast fibroadenoma and in 10 cases of normal breast tissues.Results Breast carcinoma tissues showed higher levels of p130Cas(P

In order to evaluate the effect of mitofusin-2 gene (mfn2) on proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro, pEGFPmfn2 plasmid carrying full length of mitofusin-2 gene was transfected, by using sofast, into MCF-7 cells. Mitofusin-2 gene expression in MCF-7 cells transfected by sofast after 48 h was detected by PCR and Western blotting, and the stable expression of GFP protein in MCF-7 cells by Western blot analysis. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was assayed by MTT and cell counting. By using PI method, the effects of mfn2 on the cell cycle distribution of MCF-7 were measured. Annexin-V/PI double labeling method was employed to detect the changes in apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics before and after transfection. The results showed that the MCF-7 cells transfected with mfn2 gene could stably and highly express GFP protein. MTT assay revealed that after transfection of mfn2 cDNA, the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited. DNA histogram showed that cells arrested in S phase, and the percentage of S phase cells was 42.7, 17.2 and 19.6 in mfn2 cDNA transfection group, blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group, respectively (P<0.05). The apoptosis ratio of the cells transfected with mfn2 gene was increased from 3.56% to 15.95%, that of the cells treated with camptothecin (CAMP) followed by mfn2 gene transfection was 69.6%, and that in blank plasmid transfection group and blank control group was 31.0% and 23.4% respectively (P<0.05). It was suggested that transfection of mfn2 gene could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and promote their sensitivity to CAMP with a synergic effect.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*genetics ; Transfection

Objective In China primary hyperparathyroidism is not a kind of common disease as in the wesyrn countries.This article reports the current status in the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in the mainland of China. Methods We collected 730 cages of primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosed and treated in 7 top hospitals for endocrine surgery from 1965 to 2005.Results In this study.652(89.3%)cases were clinically symptomatic while 78(10.7%)cases were asymptomatic:442 cases were positive on 99mTc-MIBI scanning.Bilateral explorations were undertaken in 377 patients and unilateral or uni-gland exploration through the conventional incision in 204 cases.Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in 143 cases.Endoscopically assisted 2 cm incision was taken in 6 cases for unilateral gland exploration.Pathologically 632(86.6%)cases were identified as adenoma,58(8.3%)cases were of hyperplasia and 40(5.5%)cases were of carcinoma.There were no major postoperative complications.While 20 patients suffering from recurrence or persistent postoperative hyperparathyroidism,the others are of normal or depressed serum level of calcium. Conclusions Preoperative localization is very helpful: Unilateral exploration for parathyroid adenoma is feasible; minimally invasive parathyroidectomy throush minimal incision is a kind of improving procedure for the localized parathyroid adenoma.

Objective To evaluate the capability of 18 F-FLT uptake and investigate the early radiation response of human colorectal cancer cells HCT116 exposed to 6 MV X-rays.Methods 3.7 kBq 18F-FLT was added to HCT116 cells with different cell numbers (1.0 × 105-1.5 × 106) and cultured with different times (36,60,84 h).The 18F-FLT uptake rate was measured with a γ-counter after exposed to different does of 6 MV X-rays (0,2,4,6,8 Gy) after 24,48,and 72 h of irradiation.Then the cell uptake inhibition rate,cell proliferation,and cell cycle phase were measured.Results The uptake rate of 18F-FLT in HCT116 was (18.97 ± 1.16)％.The 18F-FLT uptake inhibition rates at 24 h after different does of irradiation (2,4,6,8 Gy) were (32.10±0.02)％,(54.46 ±0.04)％,(62.74 ±0.04)％,and (65.81 ±4.81)％,respectively,which was positively correlated with radiation dose.Conclusions The 18F-FLT uptake rate of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells could be used to evaluate the early radiation response.

Objective To explore the classification and risk factors of nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The 120 males aged 60 years old and over were enrolled who were first diagnosed as BPH or had ceased the BPH medication for at least 3 months.The patients were divided into six groups according to the nocturnal voiding episodes estimated according to the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). All 120 males were inquired about general information and medical histories. The time and volume of intake and voided urine were recorded for 72 hours. The indexes of prostate and bladder function in all cases were also examined and recorded. Results The incidence of nocturia in our study was 79.2%, the incidence of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder were 3.3% and 10.8%, respectively. The quality of life was affected by the duration between the time of patients' going to bed and the first time getting up at night. After excluding the cases of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder, statistical analysis indicated that the age, and residual urine volume of the bladder were positively associated with nocturia frequencies (NF), the nocturnal voiding volume negatively with NF, while the prostate volume and peak flow rate were not associated with NF. Drinking volume in 24-hours affected the nocturia (P＜0. 01). Conclusions Nocturia is a common complaint in elderly males with BPH and significantly affects the quality of life. The age and the storing function of bladder are more important factors as compared with prostate hyperplasia itself.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (LUTS/BPH) in outpatient department for elderly patients, and to understand the patients' attitude and knowledge on the disease. Methods The investigation was conducted in 34 outpatient departments for elderly patients located in 11 cities from February to September 2008. The male patients who came to the clinic during the survey time were investigated whether they had LUTS /BPH history or not. Then some eligible patients were chosen to accept a more detailed questionnaire and BPH-related examinations. Results There were 31371 male patients who came to the clinic. 47.0% of them (14748 cases) had the history of LUTS / BPH, and 72.4 % (10678 cases) had medical or surgical treatments presently or previously, whereas 27.6% were untreated. The three most commonly performed examinations in clinical practice were urinalysis, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transabdominal ultrasonography. In 3542 patients receiving medical investigation, 32.6% (1155 cases) were given 5a reductase inhibitor, and 35.0% (1239 cases) received a combination therapy of 5a reductase inhibitor plus a receptor blocker. 84.5 (1796 cases) and 79.0% (1678 cases) of all the patients were satisfied with the examinations and treatments respectively. Conclusions LUTS and BPH are common in outpatient department for elderly patients. There are discrepancies of examinations and medical treatments between real medical practice and international suggestion, and the patients' understanding of the disease should be improved