OBJECTIVE: To validate the method for microbial limit test of Niuhuang jiedu tablet.METHODS: The recovery rates of 5 kinds of test organisms including E.coli treated by Niuhuang jiedu tablets were determined by routine method,culture medium dilution method,centrifugation and membrane-filter method,respectively.RESULTS: The centrifugation and membrane-filter method was suitable for determination of the bacterial number of Niuhuang jiedu tablets,while routine method was applicable for determination of bacterial numbers of mold and yeast and test of control bacteria in the microbial limit test.CONCLUSION: The contaminated bacteria in Niuhuang jiedu tablet can be detected accurately by the method established in this study.

Objective In order to provide a large quantity of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) in vitro, we want to estab-lish method for culturing pig RPE cells. Methods RPE cells were separated with trypsin and cultured in vitro. The cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human keratin and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results Cultured RPE cells gradually presented transparent and fusiform shape. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the cells were stained by anti-human keratin, and the cultured cells showed typical ultrastructure of RPE cells. Conclusion The cultured cells may be the foundation of pig RPE cells.

Objective: To provide policy recommendations for improving price negotiation system of patented drugs in China. Methods: This paper comparatively analyzes the commonalities and characteristics between Korea’ and Germany’s price negotiation models for patented drugs from three aspects of their goals, procedures and effects. Results:The key objective of both Korea’ and Germany’s price negotiation systems for patented drugs is to efficiently improve the utilization of national health insurance services, and responsibilities are properly assigned among differ-ent institutions to ensure the equity and efficiency of negotiations. However, due to the differences in national cir-cumstances, there is a big difference in the selection of technical assessment criteria. Conclusion: This paper sug-gests China to strengthen the convergence between price negotiations for patented drugs and medical insurance reim-bursement policy, to establish a technical assessment system with the innovation extent for patented drugs as its core, and to develop scientific and rational negotiation procedures and division of responsibilities as well.

Objective To study effect of positive liver soup on serum leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADP) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods 68 cases of hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis according to randomized divided into the control group (34 cases) and treatment group (34 cases).Oral treatment administered to the control group (Inosine Tablets and vitamin C),treatment group in the control group based on liver soup treatment, treatment for 3 months, serum leptin (LEP),adiponectin (ADP) and insulin resistance (IR) index before and after treatment were detected.Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference between ADP and LEP in the control group and the treatment group.After 3 months of treatment, there was no significant difference between ADP and LEP level in control group, while the level of ADP and LEP in treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in FPG, fasting insulin level and IRS index between the control group and the treatment group before treatment.After 3 months of treatment, the control group FPG, fasting insulin level and IRS index were not significantly different.FPG, fasting insulin and IRS index in the treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Positive liver soup can reduce serum LEP, ADP level, and improve IR in treatment of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis.

Objective:To suggest approaches for the establishment of Chinese standards for defining rare disea-ses and advance corresponding Chinese legislation. Methods:By comparing the standards for defining rare diseases in Europe, the United States, and other countries and studying key influencing factors of standards, this paper proposes suggestions for the establishment of proper Chinese standards for defining rare. Results and Conclusion:Social and e-conomic development levels, medical development levels and social security levels influence the establishment of standards. It is recommended that the national conditions should be taken into consideration and the number of pa-tients, severity of the diseases and economic indicators of orphan drugs be used to define rare diseases in China.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hyperuricemia and obesity in children.Methods 316 children who went to the hospital for treatment of obesity were enrolled in the study as obesity group.Age and sex-matched children with normal body mass index(BMI)were randomly recruited as control group.Fasting venous blood samples were collected for the detection of serum uric acid(UA),glucose(GLU),total cholesterol(CHOL),triacylglycerol (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Results Compared with the control group,serum concentrations of UA,CHOL, TG and LDL-C were higher while HDL-C was lower in obese children,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 ).The detection rate of hyperuricemia in obese children was 24.68%,and in control group was 9.49%,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P <0.05 ).Serum UA concentration was positively correlated with TG,CHOL and LDL-C,negatively correlated with HDL-C.Conclusion Obesity can lead to higher serum UA concentration and abnormal lipid metabolism.The level of serum UA was correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism.

In recent years ,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a new organic soft ionization mass spectrometry which can identify and classify microorganism by directly using the sam-ple itself or cultivate colonies on petri dish in a few minutes .This new and simple method reduces the cost of consumables and the time of diagnosis greatly .Its reliability and accuracy have been shown in many studies and different system devices have al-ready been on the market .In the near future ,MALDI-TOF MS will have a broader prospect .This mass spectrometry will be-come an effective and fast microbial identification technology to replace the conventional method .In this article ,we will review the principles of MALDI-TOF MS ,its development and application ,its advantages and shortcomings which compared with tra-ditional methods at the present stage ,and the emphasis will focus on the application characteristics of MALDI-TOF MS in mi-crobial systems .

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with central brain herniation,and the operation effect of high coronary craniotomy for bilateral decompressive craniectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 cases of central brain herniation.The effectiveness of high coronary craniotomy for bilateral decompressive craniectomy and the influential factor of prognosis in patients with central brain herniation were analyzed.Results According to the Glasgow outcome score (GOS) 6 months after operation,5 cases were recovered well,6 cases moderately disabled,4 cases severely disabled,3 cases vegetative survived and 8 cases died.Conclusions High coronary craniotomy and timely and effective bilateral decompressive craniectomy are the most important treatment in patients with central brain herniation.The prognosis is unfavourable prognosis in patients with central brain herniation within 1 h after injury and older than 75 years old.

Transplantation is regarded as the only therapeutic choice for end-stage organ failure,however,rejection restricted its efficacy after transplantation.MSCs exhibit several desirable characteristics,which may advocate their use in organ transplantation.This includes the capacity to suppress alloreactive and autoimmune T-cell responses,and pro mote a cytokine environment which is likely to be graft protective.This review describes the recent research of MSCs used in organ transplant.

Objective To comprehend the etiology and the clinical characteristics of hypereosinophilia.Methods The clinical data of 53 patients with hypereosinophilia admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 1992 to February 2005 were analyzed.Results The causes of reactive hypereosinophilia included allergic diseases,infections,connective tissue diseases,malignant diseases,lung diseases,eosinophilic gastroenteritis.idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome had longer course of disease;more organ involved than reactive causes.The incidence of lymph node enlargement,spleen enlargement and thrombus was higher than the reactive.IHES had higher level of white blood cell count,absolute eosinophilic count,IgG and CRP.Conclusion The etiology and clinical characteristics of hypereosinophilia are various,so the differential diagnosis of hypereosinophilia is very important.