PurposeTo investigate the correlation between iodine concentration and clinical severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) through the quantitative evaluation with dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT), so as to find out an effective imaging technology in the evaluation of clinical severity of AP.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with AP confirmed clinically (AP group) and 30 patients with normal pancreas (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent enhanced CT scan in the spectral imaging mode. Iodine concentration and normalized iodine concentration (NIC) were respectively measured during arterial phase and portal phase in the material-decomposition images by using a spectral imaging viewer (GSI Viewer). Results Iodine concentration and NIC were significantly higher in the control group than in the AP group (P<0.05,P<0.001). In the AP group, according to Ranson grading, 24 patients were in the mild grade, 20 patients were moderate, and 16 patients were severe. Iodine concentration and NIC decreased along with the increase of their Ranson grade. There were significant difference in iodine concentration and NIC among the three subgroups (iodine concentration on arterial phase:F=8.776,P<0.01; iodine concentration on portal phase:F=4.019,P<0.05; NIC on arterial phase:F=12.700,P<0.001; NIC on portal phase:F=8.732,P<0.01). Iodine concentration and NIC on arterial and portal phases in the mild grade group were both significantly higher than those in the moderate grade group (P<0.05); however, iodine concentration on arterial and portal phases, and NIC on arterial phase in the severe grade group were significantly lower than those in the moderate grade group (P<0.05).Conclusion DESCT can analyze hemodynamic changes in AP quantitatively, which is of great value in evaluating changes in AP of each grade.

Objective To study the early expression of ca]pain Ⅱ and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) mRNA in the hippocampus of the lateral fluid percussion injury rats. Methods 18 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The changes of Calpaln Ⅱ and MAP2 mRNA in hippocampus 3 h after injury were detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared to the control group (n = 6), the expression for Ca]pain Ⅱ mRNA increased obviously(P <0.01)in the lateral fluid percussion injury group(n=6) ,the expression for MAP2 mRNA degraded obviously(P <0.01). Compared with the lateral fluid percussion injury group(n =6) ,the expression for calpuin Ⅱ mRNA in the mild hypothermia group degraded obviously (n = 6), the expression for MAP2 mRNA increased obviously(P <0.01). Conclusion Mild hypothermia may act as neuroprotection by inhibiting the expression of Ca]pain Ⅱ and easing the degradation of cytoskeleton.

Objective CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays an important role in tumor growth and glycolysis.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neutralizing CD44 antibodies on the growth and glycolytic metabolism of B16 cells in melanoma in vitro.Methods B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or different concentrations of CD44 antibodies (2, 10, and 50 μg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by examination of the activation of the AKT pathway in the B16 cells by Western blot.Then the tumor cells were also treated with control antibodies (50 μg/mL) or CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL) after pretreated with API-2 (4 μmol/L) in a parallel test.After 48 hours of treatment, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in the B16 cells and the level of lactate in the culture supernatant were detected by immunofluorescence and colorimetry, respectively.Lastly, the B16 cells were treated with control antibodies (50μg/mL), API-2 (4 μmol/L), CD44 antibodies (50μg/mL), or API-2 + CD44 antibodies for 96 hours, followed by measurement of the proliferation of the cells by MTT and their apoptosis by AO/EB and AnnexinV staining.Results In comparison with the control antibody group, the level of AKT phosphorylation (p-AKT) in the B16 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase in the 2, 10, and 50 μg/mL CD44 antibody groups (1.00±0.25 vs 2.51±0.32, 3.89±0.46, and 4.07±0.42, P<0.01), and the expression of LDHA was increased by (2.13±0.24) times, with the lactate level in the culture supernatant significantly elevated from (35.32±3.24) to (56.34±8.19) mmol/L (P<0.01) after 96 hours of treatment with 50 μg/mL CD44 antibodies.Treatment with API-2+CD44 antibodies, however, suppressed the increase in the LDHA expression and reduced the level of lactate.Compared with the control antibody group, the proliferation rate of the B16 cells was markedly decreased in the API-2, CD44 antibody, and API-2+CD44 antibody groups ([103±12.91] vs [84.87±19.35], [71.35±16.23], and [41.16±9.15]%, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate remarkably increased ([5.23±0.96] vs [13.65±4.27], [19.21±3.53], and [43.21±7.87]%, P<0.01).Conclusion Neutralizing the function of CD44 in the B16 cells in vitro can inhibit the growth of the cells and promote AKT-mediated glycolytic metabolism, while suppressing the AKT pathway may enhance the antitumor activity of the CD44 antibody.

Background Dry eye is increasing gradually recently,but its etiology and manifestation are very diverse.Studies showed that menopause of adult females was one of the risk factors of dry eye.In addition,some inflammatory factors also participate in the pathogenesis and development.But the study on the relationship of sex hormone with inflammation and ocular surface damage is still below understanding.Objective This study was to investigate the expressing changes of interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in conjunctiva and the manifestation of ocular surface in ovariectomized rat model.Methods Twenty clear female SD rats were randomized into the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group according to randomized number table.Ovariectomy was performed in the ovariectomized group,and abdominal myotomy without ovariectomy was performed in the sham operative group.Serum estrogen and androgen levels were detected by radiation immunoassay 3 months after operation.Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and corneal fluorescence staining were carried out in the rats before operation and 1 month,2 and 3 months after operation.The morphology of conjunctival epithelial cells was examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining at the 3rd month after operation.The expressions of IL-17A,IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α in conjunctiva were semi-quantitative analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The use and care of the animals complied with State Science and Technology Commission Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals.Results Serum estrogen levels were (23.53 ± 1.65) pg/L and (47.89 ± 1.05) pg/L 3 months after surgery in the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group,respectively; the serum androgen levels were (1.84±0.09) ng/L and (2.47±0.12)ng/L in the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group,respectively,showing a significant decline of serum estrogen and androgen levels in the ovariectomized group compared with the sham operative group (t=-35.37,-12.13,both at P＜0.01).No significant differences were seen in S Ⅰ t between the two groups among various time points (Fgroup =0.38,P =0.55 ; Ftime =0.13,P =0.72 ; Finteraction =0.39,P =0.76).No obvious fluorescence staining was seen in the cornea of both the ovariectomized group and the sham operative group.The histopathological examination showed that the layers of rat conjunctival epithelial cells increased with the disordered arrangement in the ovariectomized group.Immunochemistry showed that the expressions of IL-17A,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α (A values) were significantly higher in the ovariectomized group than those in the sham operative group (IL-17A:t=8.22,P＜0.01 ;IL-1β:t=16.43,P＜0.01 ;IL-6:t=13.44,P＜0.01 ;TNF-α:t=16.26,P＜0.01).Western blot assay showed the similar results (IL-17A:t=19.41,P＜0.01 ;IL-1β:t=12.63,P＜0.01 ;IL-6:t=17.17,P＜0.01 ;TNF-α:t=15.19,P＜0.01).Conclusions Serum estrogen and androgen levels drop obviously,and there is an up-regulation of IL and TNF-α expression in conjunctiva tissue in the ovariectromized SD rats.However,no obvious dry eye-related sign occurs.

Background Retinal Muller cells participate in the pathological process of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).It is reported that FK506 inhibits the expression of VEGF in solid tumors and experimental corneal neovascularization,but whether FK506 exerts its role on retinal Müller cells or not is still unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate how FK506 affects the expression vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat retinal Müller cells under the condition of high glucose.Methods Immortalized rat retinal Müller cell line was regularly cultivated and logarithmic phase of cells were incubated in 96-well plate with the cell density of 1 × 104/ml.Different concentrations of FK506 (800.00,400.00,200.00,100.00,75.00,50.00,25.00,12.50 and 6.25 pg/ml) (100 μl/well) were added into the culture medium to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of FK506 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).The cell lines were cultured with DMEM medium (containing D-glucose of 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose DMEM (containing D-glucose of 50 mmol/L),and 75 pg/ml FK506 were added into DMEM,respectively,and the cells were divided into the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose + FK506 group.ELISA was employed to assay the content of VEGF protein in the cell supernatant.The expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.Results The cells grew well in the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose+FK506 group in 12,24 and 48 hours after culture with the polygon-like shape.The IC50 of FK506 was 75 pg/ml.The contents of FK506 in the cell supernatant were (966.46± 13.59) pg/ml,(1 059.42±67.43) pg/ml,(16 243.11 ±3 926.38) pg/ml and (9 467.25± 1 525.56) pg/ml in the normal control group,FK506 group,high glucose culture group and high glucose+FK506 group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the four groups (F =20.51,P =0.00).The VEGF levels in cell supernatant were significantly higher in the high glucose group than those of the normal group and the high FK506 group (P =0.00,P =0.02),but no significant difference was found in the VEGF level in cell supernatant between the control group and FK506 group (P =0.08).The expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells were significantly different among the four groups (F=126.06,P=0.00;F=5.44,P=0.01),and the relative expressing values of VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells of the high glucose group were significantly higher than those of the control group and the high+ FK506 group (all at P＜0.01).The relative expressing values of VEGF mRNA and protein were 0.64±0.09 and 0.68±0.18 in the FK506 group,which were lower than those of the normal control group (0.84±0.07 and 0.75± 0.03).However,no significant differences were seen between the two groups (P =0.05,0.07).Conclusions The expression of VEGF in rat retinal Müller cells up-regulates under the high glucose condition.FK506 plays inhibitory effects on VEGF expression to certain extent in vitro.

Magnesium-doped calcium silicate(CS)bioceramic scaffolds have unique advantages in mandibular defect repair;however,they lack antibacterial properties to cope with the complex oral microbiome.Herein,for the first time,the CS scaffold was functionally modified with a novel copper-containing polydopamine(PDA(Cu2+))rapid deposition method,to construct internally modified(*P),externally modified(@PDA),and dually modified(*P@PDA)scaffolds.The morphology,degradation behavior,and mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds were evaluated in vitro.The results showed that the CS*P@PDA had a unique micro-/nano-structural surface and appreciable mechanical resistance.During the prolonged immersion stage,the release of copper ions from the CS*P@PDA scaffolds was rapid in the early stage and exhibited long-term sustained release.The in vitro evaluation revealed that the release behavior of copper ions ascribed an excellent antibacterial effect to the CS*P@PDA,while the scaffolds retained good cytocompatibility with improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects.Finally,the PDA(Cu2+)-modified scaffolds showed effective early bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit mandibular defect model.Overall,it was indicated that considerable antibacterial property along with the enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration can be imparted to the scaffold by the two-step PDA(Cu2+)modification,and the convenience and wide applicability of this technique make it a promising strategy to avoid bacterial infections on implants.

To analyze the global burden of periodontal disease and its relation with socioeconomic development. Data of global disability-adjusted life year (DALY) due to periodontal disease and human development index (HDI) from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) and human development reports. The trend of the global burden of periodontal disease from 1990 to 2019 was described. The correlation between age-standardized DALY rates and HDI were examined in 2019, and between-country periodontal disease burden inequality from 1990 to 2019 was measured using health-related Gini coefficients and concentration indexes. From 1990 to 2019, the global DALY rate due to periodontal disease increased from 78.63 to 85.48, and the epidemiological burden did not increase significantly. Statistical differences were found across different HDI categories for age-standardized DALY rates of periodontal disease ( 44.315, <0.01) in 2019. Linear regression analysis also revealed a negative correlation between age-standardized DALY rate of periodontal disease and HDI ( = -0.417, <0.01) . Gini coefficients decreased from 0.361 to 0.281 and concentration indexes fell from 0.0339 to -0.0538 between 1990 and 2019. The global burden of periodontal disease did not increase between 1990 and 2019, though the socioeconomic-associated inequality still existed. The burden of periodontal disease was more concentrated in less developed countries, and the socioeconomic-associated inequality has increased since 2000.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Global Health ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology* ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Socioeconomic Factors