Animals ; Child ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritive Value

Nonclinical evaluation of vaccines is an important part of innovative vaccine research and development. Information on vaccine efficacy and safety is obtained through nonclinical research to support the clinical development and licensure of the vaccine. In this paper, combined with existing vaccine evaluation experience, the strategies, considerations and concerns of vaccine nonclinical evaluation are summarized by consulting the relevant domestic and foreign literature and guidelines of vaccine nonclinical evaluation in recent years, so as to provide a reference for vaccine researchers. Because of the different characteristics and concerns of therapeutic vaccines, the discussion in this paper mainly focuses on innovative preventive vaccines.

Purpose:To compare old and new clinical staging of primary liver cancre. Methods:317 cases of primary liver cancer(PLC) patients,hospita lized and dead,were investigated retrospectively for overall median survival and survival after various therapies,according to various stages,and therapies and comparison among groups and test of median survival were carried out. Results:Survival in patients with new stage Ⅱa+Ⅱb or old Ⅱw ere significantly longer than newⅢa+Ⅲb or oldⅢ, but no significant differenc es were observed between new stageⅡa+Ⅱb and oldⅡ , or new stage Ⅲa+Ⅲb and oldⅢ. Median survival by new staging , decreased in peoper order from stageⅡ a ,Ⅱb , Ⅲa to Ⅲb respectively, significant different was found only between s tage Ⅲa and Ⅲb but not betweenⅡa andⅡb . Survival decreased respectively fr om interventional treatment ,systemic chemotherapy and palliative therapy;the in terventional treatment group did much better than the palliative group but no si milar differences were observed in the other groups. Conclusions:New clinical staging of PLC did not show significan t superiorly over the old one as judged by median survival.It can be questioned whether basing on largest diameter is less than 5/10 cm or more than 10 cm to di stinguish Ⅱa and Ⅱb is valid.Interventional treatment should be applied as soo n as possible to prolong survival whether it be the new or old clinical staging.

Adult ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; pathology ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Temporal Bone ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To study the relationship between the coping style and self-concept of college engi-neering students.Methods 559 engineering students were assessed with the Coping Style Questionnaire and the Tennessee Serf-Concept Scale.Results (1) The positive factors of self-concept had significantly negative correla-tion to the coping styles of serf-blame,illusion,avoidance,and rationalization(-0.445～-0.136,P<0.01),but had significantly positive correlation to the coping style of solving problem and seeking help(0.119～0.432,P<0.01).Serf-criticism had significantly negative correlation to the coping styles of serf-blame,illusion,avoidance,and rationalization(0.134～0.215,P<0.01);(2)There were significant differences between high self-concept students and low self-concept students for coping styles(P<0.01) ;(3) The factors of serf-concept had significant predictability on coping styles.Conclusion There was a higher correlation between the coping style and serf-con-cept of college engineering students.

Oral mucositis is a common and serious complication secondary to chemo-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer that has a high morbidity and affects the treatment outcomes. Currently available interven-tions such as three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy are directed at minimizing local radiation exposure and providing symptomatic relief. Recently, a number of new treatment mo-dalities have been expected to be introduced for reduction of severity and duration of mucositis, such as kerati-nocyto growth factor, amifostine, zinc sulfate,anti-inflammation agents,glutamine,etc. These efforts are likely to improve the life quality of cancer patients significantly.

Influenza,caused by influenza virus,is a respiratory infectious disease with a serious hazard to human health.Prevention of influenza through vaccine development is the most effective strategy.It is important to build a rapid response platform for research and production of influenza vaccine.As virus vectors,live vaccine provides a new prevention and treatment way for infectious disease.Modified vaccinia virus Ankara(MVA) is a replication-deficient viral vector that is safe and can encode one or more foreign antigens and induce humoral and cellular immune response.MVA holds great promise as a vaccine platform.In this review,we discuss the use of MVA for vaccine development against influenza virus.

Cytosine deaminase (CD) gene is a kind of suicide gene, cytosine deaminase can catalyze the conversion from 5 - fluorocytosine (5 - FC) into 5 - fluorouracil (5 - FU), this combination therapy (CDgene/5 - FC) were widely used in cancer therapy. The results of many researches in different cancer cells have demonstrated that it can inhibit tumor growth significantly. The mechanism includes 5 - FU's direct killing tumor cells and its bystander effect. It can also be used as a potential purging method for autologous hematopoietic cells transplantion after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. CD/5 - FC combined with other therapies would be an important future research approach.

0.05], but BTV measured at 60 min was significantly faster in propofol group than that in the enflurane group [(14.7 ? 1.5) mm?min-1 vs (9.9 ? 2.0) mm?min-1 P

Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on urinary protein in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in different periods.Methods 120 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (64 males, 56 females) with mean aged (68±3) years were randomized into treatment group and control group (n =60, each).According to test results of 24 h proteinuria and renal function, they were divided into 3 subgroups: the normal urine albumin (normal control) group, the early diabetic nephropathy group, and the clinical diabetic nephropathy group.The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group used conventional treatment combined with ramipril 2.5 mg/d.Both groups had treatment course of 3 months.The changes in 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin before and 1 and 3 months after treatment, and the changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction before and 3 months after treatment were observed and compared.Results 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin were significantly decreased along with the extended treatment time (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly declined at 3 months after treatment versus pre-treatment (P＜0.05 for both).There were no significant differences in 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin in control group before versus after treatment (P＞0.05 for both).At 1 and 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences both in the decrement of 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin, and in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels between the clinical diabetic nephropathy treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Ramipril combined with conventional treatment can effectively reduce proteinuria and promote the recovery of renal function for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.