Anthropometry ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Hospitalized ; Critical Care ; methods ; Critical Illness ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Malnutrition ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Predictive Value of Tests

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children.The purpose of the review was to provide epidemiological,clinical aspects,diagnosis and antifungal treatment options in the pediatric population.Diagnosis of IA remains a challenge as the clinical and imaging manifestations are not specific,and a histological diagnosis is often unfeasible,and blood culture shows low sensitivity rates.In recent years,great progress has been made in the detection of fungal biomarkers,which is mainly described in this paper.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss about the spot break for promoting technical skipping in pharmaceutical industry of China.METHODS:Based on imbalance of technical development,matrix of technical change skipping and cluster of innovation,the necessity and possibility of the spot break for promoting technical skipping in pharmaceutical industry of China were discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Because the spot or part break is the normal model for promoting technical skipping in history of technical change and innovation,so if pharmaceutical industry of China wants to get technical skipping,we have to promote the spot break.In the end of this paper,the suggestions how to get spot breaks in the skipping of pharmaceutical technical change and innovation in China are put forward.

“Expert consensus for the diagnosis and management of septic shock( infectious shock) in children (2015)” has been published based on the “Recommended protocol for diagnosis and treatment of septic shock in children” which was published in 2006.The definition, diagnosis and early management pro-t ocol of pediatric septic shock was revised partly in the latest expert consensus.The goal of the expert consen-sus was to guide the clinical physicians on early identification and early intervention of pediatric septic shock, and reduce mortality and improve prognosis of septic shock in children.

BACKGROUND:There is a close relationship between tumor stem cels and tumor occurrence and recurrence, but there are stil some disputes in the presence of tumor stem cels in al tumors.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differentiation and culture of tumor stem cels in human primary gastric cancer cels.
METHODS:Primary gastric cancer cels isolated from fresh gastric cancer tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and identified by immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. The CD44 expression of the cels was detected using immunofluorescence method. Magnetic activated cel sorting was used to isolate CD44+gastric cancer cels that were then seeded subcutaneously behind the armpit of mice. Growth of implanted tumor cels was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human primary gastric cancer cels were isolated in serum-free medium. Compared with the routine culture group, the number of CD44+cels(P< 0.05)and the tumor volumewere significantly increased in the spheroid culture group. Furthermore, at 90 days after transplantation, the tumor volume of mice in spheroid culture group was significantly higher than that in the routine culture group. These experimental findings indicate that gastric cancer cels with certain tumorigenicity can be successfuly isolated from gastric cancer cels using serum-free culture method and magnetic activated cel sorting method.

0.05 ), bacterial clearance were 100% and 90%, and adverse reaction rates were 10%(2/20)and 10.53 % ( 2/19 ), respectively. All those adverse reactions were mainly gastrointestinal tract reactions. The abnormality of laboratory inspections associated with trial drugs happened to 4 and 5 patients in two groups. The reactions were mostly light increase of aminotransferase without effect on therapy. CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic with large antimicrobial spectrum and can be recommended to treat light to moderate acute lower respiratory tract infections.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of ligustrazine combined with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal microflora of chronic stress rat. METHODS:Normal rats were included in normal control group,and chronic stress model rats were divided into model group,NAC group (60 mg/kg) and ligustrazine+NAC group (15 mg/kg+60 mg/kg),with 20 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically for 15 d. The general inspection of rats were recorded in each group. Level of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and INF-γ in serum were detected,and intestinal microflora was measured. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,chronic stress symptom of rats were found in model group,and level of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and INF-γ in serum were enhanced;Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in intestine were increased,while Bacterium lacticum and Bacillus bifidus were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group,chronic stress symptom of rats were relieved in NAC group and ligustrazine+NAC group,and above indexes were all improved (P<0.05);ligustrazine+NAC group was better than NAC group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ligustrazine+NAC can improve chronic stress of rats by decreas-ing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving the intestinal microflora.

With the development of income per capita,"high personal medical expenditure" shows the wider of disease risk,which is resulted from the increasing medical payment and imperfect risk pooling.The former that is related with the excess delivery of advance medical technology and drug has been a dominating reason since 1980.And the imperfect risk pooling means the imperfect social medical insurance,of which the government should take charge.However,influenced by the reform policies of the economic systems,similar to all the transitional economies reducing the government role in healthcare financing,China has put an increasing emphasis on the payroll tax-based social insurance system and out-pockets payment,moving away from a predominantly general revenue-based financing system under the old command economy.In a conclusion,the Chinese Government should make clear the financing function,and replace fee-for-service(FFS) payment according to the distorted pricing system with aggregated pre-payment for patients covered by social insurance to mitigate the incentive for cost escalation.Meanwhile,the target of the new medical reform that should resolve the problem of high personal medical expenditure is demanding and perfecting the social medical insurance with wider risk pooling.

Objective: To explore the effect of the application of ICQ technology in constructing a harmonious environment for nursing staff.Method: The Internet,support from Tencent network,ICQ technology are employed to conduct on line communication among nursing staff.Result: the Working and interpersonal connection environment is remarkably improved by the application of ICQ technology,thus it is of great significance in constructing a harmonious relation among nursing staff and enhancing medical service quality.

OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Compound danshen tablets.METHODS: The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5?m) column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphate (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.Detection wavelength was set at 272 nm and column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS: Established HPLC fingerprint was distinct and reproducible.There were 8 characteristic peaks among which No.5 characteristic peaks,No.6,No.7,No.8 came from HPLC fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza and No.1 characteristic peaks,No.2,No.3,No.4 came from HPLC fingerprint of Panax notoginseng.CONCLUSION: The characteristic peaks of effective parts of Compound danshen tablet mainly come from S.miltiorrhiza.The study can be used for tracing and isolation of effective part of Compound danshen tablet and establishes basis for the further development of Chinese patent drugs.