OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of the hospitals(Level 2 and above) of Wuxi in order to promote rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:2 473 cases of ADR collected from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006 in 11 hospitals(Level 2 and above)of Wuxi were retrospectively studied.RESULTS:Most patients who had ADR were old patients over 60 years and teenagers(≤10years).Most ADR were caused by anti-infection drugs(60.9%),followed by the preparations of Chinese materia medica(13.7%).The intravenous medication was the main route of medication resulting in serious adverse reactions;Most of the ADR cases were known and mild, 74 cases were severe and scarce(3.0%).CONCLU-SION:More attention should be paid to monitoring clinical ADR and the quality of ADR reports needs to be improved.

Objective To observe the effect of Chinese Medicines with the function of antioxidation on lupus nephritis(LN)pa- tients.Methods The 25 LN patients consisting of renal function normal group(15 cases)and renal failure group(10 cases)were treated with Huang Qi(Radix Hedysari)and Shu Dihuang(Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata)as main ingredients for 6 months in suc- cession.Changes of symptom,systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index(SLEDAI),activity index(AI),lipid peroxide (LPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxide(GSH-Px),malondialchehyche(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),blood and urine routine examination,24-hour urine protein quantity,liver and kidney function,anti-double-stranded DNA(anti ds-DNA),complement 3(C_3)and complement 4(C_4),after treatment were observed.Results SLEDAI and AI scores were remarkably different from those before treatment(P

2 weeks) (both, P

Objective To estimate the assay performance of two different kind of reagent with different concentration of NADH.Methods Verificated function index of these two reagents,such as accuracy,sensitiveness,blank space and so on, and determined the molar extinction coefficient of NADH using hexokinase method and calculated the NADH density in two kind of AST reagents.Then estimated the effect of concentation of NADH on the analysis performance.Results NADH concentration was 0.21 mmol/L,and the sample detection limit of the linear was 1 629 U/L.NADH concentration was 0.13 mmol/L,and the sample detection limit of the linear was 1 263 U/L.So the gap between the two reagent’s detection linear was visible.But there were no significant changes in other performance indicators such as detection sensitivity,reagent blank,precision.Conclusion The NADH concentration in the reagent of AST had greatimpact on the detecting linear range, so should pay attention to the potential change of linear range in the daily work.

Fibers with different hemicellulose contents were produced using various degree removal of hemicellulose to obtain large differences in cellulose and hemicellulose proportions at a similar lignin content. Solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance(CP/MAS ~(13)C-NMR) and atomic force microscope(AFM) had been employed to investigate the microstructure of fibers. The results showed that there was an increase in relative content of para-crystalline cellulose with the decreas of hemicellulose content obtained by the spectral fitting for the cellulose C1-region(δ 102-108). The elementary fibril size was relatively constant between 4.0 and 4.3 nm for the three samples obtained by the spectral fitting for the cellulose C4-region(δ 80-92). The difference in elementary fibril size between the samples was not significant. However, the elementary fibril aggregate size increased from 17.9 to 22.2 nm with the decreas of hemicellulose content, which was a significant change. The results of AFM analysis showed that the fiber with a high hemicellulose content had a porous surface structure. In fibres with a low hemicellulose content, the elementary fibril aggregates formed a much more compact surface structure. Lower hemicellulose content can promote the partially irreversible microfibril aggregation, which caused tensions in the microfibrils due to the finite dimensions of the cell wall, amounting to stress in the microfibrils. However, the porous structure can be improved as hemicellulose content decreased to a certain extent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of damp-phlegm constitution treated with embedding therapy on back-shu points and front-mu points and needle-pricking therapy on Sifeng (EX-UE 10).

METHODSEighty-five patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of observation group (42 cases) and control group (43 cases). Embedding therapy on back-shu points and front-mu points and needle-pricking therapy on Sifeng (EX-UE 10) were applied to the observation group. Points such as Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhangmen (LR 13), Jingmen (GB 25), Qimen (LR 14), Ganshu (BL 18), Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25) and Xiaochangshu (BL 27), etc. were adopted for embedding therapy. At the same time, needle-pricking therapy on Sifeng (EX-UE 10) was also applied once a week. 0. 5 g metformin hydrochloride tablet was given to the control group, once a day for the first week, and twice a day from the second week. Estimation on therapeutic effect was made for both groups after 3 months treatment. Change of symptoms and signs scores, fasting insulin (FINS), 2 hour insulin after meal (2hINS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of both groups before and after treatment were observed, and therapeutic effect estimated.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of the observation group is 97. 6% (41/42), and that of the control group was 95. 4% (41/43). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Scores of symptoms and signs after treatment were significantly improved in both groups (all P<0. 01), and the observation group was better than the control group (7.01+/-4.23 vs 8. 47+/-2. 82,P<0. 05). Compare with those before the treatment, FINS, 2hINS and HOMA-IR after the treatment were all decreased in both groups (all P<0. 05). The comparison between the two groups showed that differences of FIN had no statistic significance (P>0. 05) after the treatment, while both differences of 2hINS and HOMA-IR had statistic significance [ 2hlNS: (443. 531+/- 93. 90) pmol/L vs (621.29+/-93. 87) pmol/L ; HOMA-IR: 4. 88+/-0. 30 vs 5.06+/-0. 32, both P<0. 05]. The improvement of 2hINS and HOMA-IR in the observation group was better than that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of PCOS of damp-phlegm constitution with embedding therapy on back-shu points and front-mu points and needle-pricking therapy on Sifeng (EX-UE 10) have positive effect, which can effectively reduce the insulin resistance, meanwhile, reduce the side-effects of western medication.

Treating different diseases with the same method is a unique original thinking in Chinese medicine, which embodies the spirit of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. We briefly reviewed the origin and development of this concept. We also reviewed that thinking of combination of disease and syndrome is its premise and foundation. We put forward the conditionality of diseases in treating different diseases with the same method by cutting-in modern biological basic researches, that is to say, one kind specific diseases or disease of one specific system. We emphasized the importance of diseases conditionality in treating different diseases with the same method, which was of great significance in studies on combination of disease and syndrome, correspondence of prescription and syndrome, and modern biological basic researches of treating different diseases with the same method.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Research

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Aim To study the effect of emodin on IL-8 secretion and NF-?B activation of HT-29 cells,and explore the molecular mechanism of emodin.Methods The cytotoxicity of emodin was assessed by WST;NF-?B activation was detected with co-focal microscopy by immunofluorescence;the production of IL-8 was investigated by ELISA.Results Emodin with the concentration of 10~80 ?mol?L-1 could decrease the mass production of IL-8 Secretion of HT-29 cells stimulated by IFN-?+LPS in a dose-dependent manner.Emodin with various concentrations could inhibit NF-?B activation dose-dependently.Conclusions Emodin inhibited IL-8 secretion and NF-?B activation of HT-29 cells stimulated by IFN-?+LPS.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of individual, social and environmental factors influencing physical activity and the relationships among the factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A survey was conducted from January to July 2015 among 225 patients with type 2 diabetes using convenience sampling. The questionnaire included 9- item Patient Health Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale, Chinese Walkable Environment Scale, Bandura′s Exercise Self- efficacy Scale. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rate was 98.7%(222/225). Exercise self- efficacy was a mediator of factors influencing physical activity. Exercise self- efficacy and physical activity were positively correlated (β=0.24, P<0.05). Walkable environment only affected physical activity indirectly medicated by exercise self- efficacy (β=-0.26, P<0.05). Perceived social support directly associated with physical activity (β=0.14, P<0.05). Depression not only affected physical activity directly (β=-0.28, P<0.05), but also associated with physical activity indirectly medicated by exercise self-efficacy (β=-0.32, P<0.05). Conclusions Interventions should be taken to increase the perceived social support, improve depression and walkable environment, especially to enhance exercise self- efficacy, so as to improve the physical activity level of patients with type 2 diabetes.