Objective Yangqing Chenfei Formula - To investigate the effect of (YCF) on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) Methods in lung tissues of silicosis model rats. Specific pathogen free adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, tetrandrine group and YCF group, with eight rats in each group. The rats in the model group, tetrandrine group and YCF group were intratracheally injected with 1.00 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50.0 g/L, and the rats in the control group were given an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. On the 15th day after modeling, the tetrandrine group was given tetrandrine at a dose of 27.0 mg/kg body weight, the YCF group was given YCF with a dose of 8.91 g/kg body weight, while both the control group and model group were given 2.00 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Gavage wasperformed twice a day in the morning and evening for 14 days. On day 29 of the experiment, after evaluating the tidal volume, - functional residual volume (FRC) and vital capacity of rats in each group, lung tissues were collected, and hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining were performed to examine the histopathological changes, and the fibrosis score was evaluated. - - Hydroxyproline level was detected by colorimetry. The expression of type Ⅰ collagen (COL Ⅰ), type Ⅲ collagen (COL Ⅲ), - - - - - - E cadherin (E Cad), N cadherin (N Cad) and α smooth muscle actin (α SMA) protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. - The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP 1) was detected by Results immunofluorescence. The lung structure was intact and the alveolar structure was normal in the control group. The alveolar structure was destroyed, the alveolar wall was thickened, and cellular nodules were observed/n the model group. The lung tissue lesions of rats in the tetrandrine group and YCF group were reduced compared with that in the model group, and there was no difference in the degree of lesions between the two groups. The tidal volume, FRC and vital capacity of rats in model P< - P< group decreased (all 0.05), the relative expression of E Cad protein in lung tissue decreased ( 0.05), the fibrosis score and - - - - the level of hydroxyproline, the protein relative expression of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, N Cad and α SMA in lung tissue increased (all P< - 0.05), while the fluorescence intensity of EpCAM protein decreased, and that of FSP 1 protein increased compared with the P< control group. The tidal volume, FRC and vital capacity of rats in tetrandrine and YCF groups increased (all 0.05), the fibrosis - - - score and the level of hydroxyproline, the protein relative expression of COL Ⅰ, N Cad and α SMA in lung tissue decreased (all P< - P< 0.05), the relative expression of E Cad protein in lung tissues increased ( 0.05), while the EpCAM protein fluorescence - intensity increased and FSP 1 protein fluorescence intensity decreased compared with the model group. The relative expression - P< Conclusion of N Cad protein in lung tissues of YCF group was lower than that of the tetrandrine group ( 0.05). YCF can - improve the lung function, alleviate collagen deposition in lung tissues, and inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition in silicosis model rats, and then attenuates the progression of silicotic fibrosis.

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP &ge; 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &ge; 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications