Xi Jinping,Secretary General has recently called on scientists mastering knowledge and proving in practice,to write papers in the motherland and in the realization of modernization.Up to the beginning of this century,ancestors and predecessors in Keshan disease prevention and control have made great achievements,including therapeutic methods,prevention of Keshan disease by supplementing selenium and compiling health standards,and these achievements have played an important technical supporting role in effectively controlling the epidemic of Keshan disease and guiding the practice of national wide control of Keshan disease.In the past 10 years,we have continued improving the technical norms to guide the work of national prevention and control of Keshan disease,and conducting translational research in response to the challenges of national Keshan disease prevention and control emerged in the new era.To realize the China dream of Keshan disease prevention and control,we must strive to achieve fully and sustainable elimination of Keshan disease,and to summarize the experiences in Keshan disease elimination for generalizing in other disease control and elimination,to continue to write the big article of the China dream of Keshan disease prevention and control.

BACKGROUND: Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene is one of the receptors for growth factors in early hematogenesis. By binding to its ligand (FL), FLT3 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/pregenitor cells via cell signal transduction pathway. FLT3 juxtamembrane internal tandem duplication (ITD)mutation is correlated with leukemia onset, development and act as an independent factor for poor prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between Flt-3/ITD mutation and acute leukemia (AL), and analyze its clinical implication.DESIGN: A repetitive measurement.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 147 samples of leukemia patients were diagnosed by morphological bone marrow biopsy in Shenyang Central Hospitals affiliated to Shenyang Medical College from January 1999 to October 2004. They were 95 males and 52 females with the mean age of 14.5 years old (5-23 years old). According to FAB standard, there were 62 patients with acute leukemia [including 33 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia (AMLs, M1, M2), 3 cases of acute myelo-monocytic leukemia (AMMOLs, M4), 18 cases of acute monocytic leukemia (AMOLs, M5), 8 cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKLs, M7)], 43 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALLs), 13 patietns with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCMLs) and 29 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDSs). Informed contents were obtained from all the participants.METHOD: Flt-3/ITD was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence in the 147 leukemia patients.MArN OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical manifestations and prognosis were observed in the ALL patients with Flt-3/ITD;The Flt-3 gene expression, Flt-3/ITD positive rate, duplication region and length were detected in all kinds of leukemia.to Flt-3 gene products, including 3 cases of AMLs (M1, M2), 1 case of AMMOL (M4), and 1 case of AMOL (M5). DNA sequencing and blast alignment revealed that ITDs existed in all samples with unusual products within exon 11, in various region and length (33-72 bp). Expression of Flt-3 in different levels was found in 43 cases of ALL, 29 cases of Flt-3/ITD all died short after the diagnosis, and the mean life span of was only 10.8 months.

With regard to the nature of meridians, the authors have presented the hypothesis of dual reflex in 1977. This means that acupunture can invoke some effects not only through CNS (long reflex), but through the connection of peripheral nerve terminals to transmit messages (short reflex). In this experiment, rats were anaesthetized by rethane. The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) were found out and cut off in order to break off their connection to CNS. With electrical stimulation of SPN, the action potential (AP) on the DPN was recorded at the same time. AP was induced only in a few cases (5.7%). But, after electroacupuncture was reapplied to Zusanli (ST-39) point for 30 rain, we stimulated SPN with electricity. This showed that APs were recorded on DPN in 17 among 27 rats (58.6%). Since some tissues around Zusanli point involve both SPN and DPN, the results suggest that messages are transmitted between nerve terminals under certain condition and that impluses on a nerve stem may stimulate another nerve terminal. This might be the essence of propagated sensation along the channels.

Objective To study the influence of carbamazepine on the neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium. Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients scheduled for neurosurgical operations were studied: 16 cases suffered from epilepsy were treated with carbamazepine for 24 to 180 months (carbamazepine group); the others suffered from intracranial tumors without antiepileptic treatment (noncarbamazepine group). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with target controlled with propofol 5 μ g/ml was monitored using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. The onset time and times of muscle relaxation recovery 25%,50%,75% was recorded. Results The onset time was no difference between two groups (P＞0.05),but the times of muscle relaxation recovery 25%, 50%, 75% in carbamazepine group [(23.9±3.8 ), ( 29.2 ±4.5 ), ( 36.0 ± 5.4 ) min] were shorter than those in non-carbamazepine group [( 34.0 ± 2.8 ), (40.5 ± 4.6),( 49.9 ± 5.3 ) min] ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The recovery index in carbamazepine group [( 12.1 ± 2.9 ) min] was shorter than that in non-carbamazepine group [(15.8 ± 3.1) min](P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The duration of the rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block is significantly shortened by preceding chronic carbamazepine therapy.

OBJECTIVE:Inhaled glucocorticoids(GC) are the first-line medicine for bronchial asthma during relieve phase, thereby this study was designed to explore if patient tends to suffer osteoporosis due to long term inhalation of glucocorticoids. DATA SOURCES:Literatures about GC and osteoporosis were computer-searched in Medline and Embase from January 1980 to December 2003, with the key word of " asthma, bone density, bone metabolism and inhaled glucocorticoids" and language limited to English.Meanwhile it was also computer-searched in CBM, CBM disc and manually searched in Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation between January 1990 and April 2004 with language limited to Chinese. DATA SELECTION: Literatures about the comparison of bone density and bone metabolic change between inhaled GC group and control group were consorted deleting randomized controlled trial(RCT) so as to look up the whole content of healthy controls;While patients in the treatment group received GC inhalation.Exclusive standards:obvious non-RCT. Quality assessment is mainly focused on the reality of data,the strictness of design and implementation,and the rationality of statistical management. DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 30 randomized and nonrandomized studies about the influence of inhaled GC on the bone density and bone metabolism of patients with asthma were referred to amongst which 18 studies were admitted with the other 12 excluded for similarity in content in 8 and Meta-analysis in 4. DATA SYNTHESIS:A total of 1 153 asthmatic patients in 18 studies were divided into GC inhalation group and non-inhalation control group for comparing the difference of bone density and/or bone metabolism between them. CONCLUSION:Although the results of studies on the influence of long-term inhaled GC on bone quantity were different, but there was still not enough evidence to demonstrate that osteoporosis was due to long-term GC inhalation.

BACKGROUND:Tumor markers are of great significance in early diagnosis of cancer, screening of high risk
group with cancer, differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors, judgment of cancer progression, evaluation of cancer therapeutic effect and prediction of cancer recurrence and prognosis.
OBJECTIVE:To realize the importance of tumor marker for cancer early diagnosis by introducing the working principle and clinical application of silicon nanowires biosensor in detecting tumor markers.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, CNKI and Google Scholar Databases to retrieve relevant articles about tumor marker, working principle and application of silicon nanowires biosensor published from 2003 to 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Silicon nanowires biosensors with high sensitivity and without secondary marks show a good application prospect in detecting tumor markers. They have been used to detect tumor markers for prostate cancer, breast cancer, tumor markers of colorectal cancer, and primary liver cancer, and achieved an ideal limit of detection. However, due to the influence of debye length, most of detections can only be performed in the standard solution. There is a lack of the serum data of cancer patients.

Objective To conduct a retrospective analysis of the relationship between the time of rehabilitation intervention and its effectiveness among hemiplegic patients after cerebral infarction.Methods Fifty-four hemiplegic stroke patients within 1 week of onset were randomly divided into three equal groups of 18:In the A group rehabilitation was begun 1 to 2 weeks after onset; in the B group it was started between 2 and 4 weeks; in the C group rehabilitation was begun after four weeks.The patients all received comprehensive hemiplegic limb training,electric standing bed training,functional electrical stimulation and medical gymnastics for hemiplegia.Motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer balance function assessment and the modified Barthel index before treatment,in the course of the first week of treatment and 3 months later.Results A group and B group made similar progress,but the curative effect in group C was significantly weaker.Conclusion Rehabilitation should be started within 1 month after the onset of cerebral infarction.

Alzheimer disease(AD) is the most common cau se of dementia today. Th e characteristic histopathologic changes include neurofibrillary tangles, neurit ic plaques, neuronal loss, and amyloid angiopathy. The noted Alzheimer symptom is the dysfunction of learning a nd memory. Potassium channels play a key role in it. A 113-pS tetraethylammoniu m-sensitive potassium channel was consistently absent from AD fibroblasts and o lfactory neuroblasts. Cp20, a memory-associated protein, amyloid precuror prote in and presenilin which are all tightly associated with genetic Alzheimer diseas e can regulate the activities of potassium channels. The changes of potassium ch annels subtype need further study. Potassium channels are maybe the important dr ug targets in the treatment of Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND:Internal fixation has become the first choice for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. However, the methods and materials for internal fixation are various. Which one has the best clinical efficacy?
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of proximal femoral nail and total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS:A total of 46 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were voluntarily divided into two groups:proximal femoral nail and total hip arthroplasty. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and Harris scores were compared between the two groups, and X-ray examination was used for assessment of clinical efficacy in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 46 patients were fol owed-up for 3 to 12 months. Fractures in al the patients were healed. As compared with the total hip arthroplasty group, in the proximal femoral nail group, approach incision was smal er, blood loss was higher, operation time and fracture healing time were longer, and Harris score was lower (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the total hip arthroplasty is better than proximal femoral nail for intertrochanteric fractures, with less invasion and blood loss. However, the long-term effects need further studies.

Today,more and more patients with diabetes are requiring surgical intervention.Not only the metabolic disturbance of carbohydrate will be aggravated by surgical stress,but also the risk of perioperative complications and mortality have been greatly increased in patients with diabetes.Therefore,a complete preoperative assessment and blood glucose management of preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative periods are needed to get full assurance for diabetic patients to undergo surgery and to pass through the perioperative period smoothly.