The development and progression of gastric cancer is a multi-factor,multi-gene,multi-stage and multi-approach sequential process.Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)is so far the first discovery of a dual specificity phosphatase activity of the tumor suppressor gene,which regulates the cell cycle and multiple signaling pathways of gastric cancer and plays an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer.Further studies on PTEN will provide a new way for the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Liver Diseases

Although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms, its clinical use is somewhat limited by its invasiveness, high medical cost and potential risk of nephrotoxicity. For the past three decades, the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques have been developed rapidly. As a non-invasive technique with high resolution ability, MRA can replace DSA for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms in most clinical situations. The time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) carries a diagnostic sensitivity of up to 98.2%-98.7%for tiny intracranial aneurysms (<5 mm), while the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of contrast enhanced MRA (CE- MRA) for intracranial aneurysms are as high as 95% - 100% and 73% - 100% respectively. The diagnostic specificity of phase-contrast MRA (PC-MRA) for intracranial aneurysms (> 5 mm) reaches as high as 100%. All the above mentioned MRA techniques can clearly display the intracranial aneurysms although their imaging characteristics and clinical applications are different from each other. This paper aims to make a brief review concerning the principles, clinical applications and recent progress of some MRA techniques.

400 cases of senile constipation were treated by Shenshen Bolus, a self-formulated remedy of Qi-benefitting, Yin-nourishing, blood-benefitting and blood-activating nature with a total effective rate of 98.0%. Experiments showed that as compared with Maren(Fructus Cannabis)Bolus, Shenshen Bolus not only possesses better cathartic action and lowers the tension of intestine in vitro. but also strengthens the function of the kidney. It reveals no side effects even in long-term administration.

ABSTRACT:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma j aponicum ,Oncomelania hupensis is an important link of schis‐tosomiasis .It plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis .This article mainly demonstrates the following as‐pects :the invasion of schistosome miracidium into O .hupensis ,the growth of sporocyst ,and the mature and escape of cercari‐ae ,which would provide laboratory data from literatures for revealing the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S . japonicum .However ,the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S .japonicum is too complex to description com‐pletely .Therefore ,the symbiotic relationship will be the focus of future research .

Objective To analyze the effect of GC-rich DNA fragments on the level of transgenic expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) celts and its position effect.Methods The synthetic DNA fragment with GC-rich was cloned into the 5'or 3'or both 5'and 3'ends of expression cassette of expression vector.Three new expression vectors (pIRES-G1,pIRES-G2 and pIRES-G3) which was inserted with the GC-rich DNA fragments in different position were transfected CHO ceils,respectively,and then was observed under fluorescence microscope;the control vector was pIRES-EGFP.Stable transfected cell lines were screened under G418,and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and the transgenic copy number was detected by quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results Three expression vectors with a GC-rich DNA fragments in different position were constructed successfully.The insertion of GC-rich DNA fragments at 3'end and both 5',3'ends of the box of expression vector could obviously improve the expression level of vector in CHO cells;and the expression level of the stably transfected CHO cells increased 1.39 fold and 1.32 fold compared to the control vector,respectively;the transgene copy number increased 1.32 fold and 1.24 fold compared with the control vector.While the insertion of GC-rich DNA fragments at 5'end of expression cassette had no obvious effect on the level of gene expression.Conclusion The role of DNA fragment with GC-rich in improving the transgenic expression of CHO cells is related to its position in the vector.The insertion of GC-rich DNA fragments at 3'end and both 5',3'ends of the box of expression vector can improve transgenic expression.

OBJECTIVEThis research aims to study the changes in pain threshold and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model oftrigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSA total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: operative, sham-operative, and control. In the operative group, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) was caused by placing loose chromic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). In the sham-operative group, the right ION was subjected to the same procedure, but without ligation. In the control group, the right ION was not subjected to any treatment. The pain thresholds of the three groups were recorded at different times after the operation. The GDNF expression in each group was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSAn allodynia to mechanical stimulation in the region of the ligated ION was observed starting on the 2nd week after operation. Pain thresholds started to increase gradually from the 6th week and returned to the original level at the 10th to 12th week after operation. Cells that expressed the GDNF markedly increased in number in the operative group with changes observed at different times.

CONCLUSIONWe use chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to establish a trigeminal neuralgia-like animal model in SD rats. GDNF may play a role in regulating pain by promoting the restoration and regeneration of nerve fibers.

Animals ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

‘Two-way’ training of teaching basic skill and medical education method was conducted for young and middle-aged teachers according to characteristics of clinical teachers in teaching hospitals.After two years of training,clinical teachers' teaching ability and teaching enthusiasm and the quality of classroom teaching have obviously improved based on the analysis of related data.Clinical teacher training strengthen the teaching faculty quantitatively.This thesis discussed the importance of clinical teachers' training and further explored the improvement of clinical teacher education mode.

Objective:To investigate the effect of BMSC transplantation on the recovery of neurological function in rats with cerebral infarction,and to explore the related mechanism.Methods:90 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation group,control group,BMSC transplantation group,30 rats in each group.The control group and BMSC transplantation group established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model,the sham operation group only need to separate the cervical tissue of rats,and MCAO model in the MCAO model operation.After 1 days of BMSC transplantation group by intravenous injection of 1 mL 3× 106 BMSC,the control group was injected with the same dose of NS in MCAO after 1 D,3 D,7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d,35 d,42 d,49 D respectively,the neurological function score of rats (mNSS),after 2 months of transplantation BMSC group and control group of brain tissue for immunohistochemical staining,detection of MAP2,TUJ1,Ⅷ factor,the expression of GFAP.Results:In seventh to thirty-fifth days after treatment,BMSC mNSS transplantation group were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).2 months after BMSC transplantation group MAP2,TUJ1,Ⅷ expression level was significantly higher than the control group,while the control group,the expression of GFAP was significantly higher than that of BMSC group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:BMSC transplantation in order to promote the recovery of neurological function in cerebral infarction.

Objective: To analyze the trend in the mortality of liver cancer in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the liver cancer control measures. Methods: The liver cancer mortality data in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021 were collected from Ningbo Municipal Chronic Disease Surveillance System. The crude mortality and standardized mortality by the 2 000 national population census data of liver cancer were estimated, and the proportion of concomitant diseases was analyzed among all dead patients with liver cancer. In addition, the trends in liver cancer mortality were analyzed with annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Both the crude and standardized mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, with AAPC of -3.47% (95%CI: -4.08% to -2.85%, P<0.001) and -6.56% (95%CI: -7.25% to -5.87%, P<0.001), and a the decline in liver cancer mortality was larger during the period between 2006 and 2021 than during the period between 2002 and 2006. The annual mean crude and standardized mortality of liver cancer was 35.39/105 and 20.98/105, and the crude mortality of liver cancer was 52.69/105 in men and 18.13/105 in women, respectively. After adjustment for age, the risk of liver cancer mortality was 3.03 (95%CI: 2.96-3.09) times greater among men than among women, and the mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=45 684.254, P<0.001). Concomitant diseases were found among 9 985 dead cases with liver cancer (24.44%), and the concomitant diseases mainly included digestive system diseases (predominantly liver diseases) and infectious and parasitic diseases (predominantly virus hepatitis). Conclusions The mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a decline in Ningbo City from 2002 to 2021, and men and middle-aged and elderly residents were at high risk of liver cancer mortality. Digestive system diseases and infectious and parasitic diseases were predominant concomitant diseases among dead patients with liver cancer.