Objective: To understand the allocation of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in China from 2018 to 2021 and its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for differentiate intervention strategies. Methods: The data related to the allocation of desks and chairs in 153 568 primary and secondary schools in the national random supervision and random inspection from 2018 to 2021 were used to calculate the qualified rate of each index. And the factors related to the qualified rate of two types of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools were analyzed. Results: The overall qualified rate of desks and chairs was 74.23 %(113 986 schools), and the qualified rate in urban areas (78.10%) was higher than that in towns (75.93%) and villages (70.39%); The qualified rate of junior middle school (76.15%) was higher than that of senior high school (75.12%) and primary school (73.56%); The qualified rate in the East (84.07%) was higher than that in the Middle (77.24%) and West (61.99%). And the differences were of statistical significance( χ 2=945.81, 95.29, 6 757.58, P <0.01). The qualified rate of desks and chairs in the school shows an upward trend by year. Conclusion The overall qualified rate of desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in China is not ideal, which need further attention from department of health administration, education, school, as well as other organizations to formulate differentiate intervention strategy despite increasing.