Objective: To understand the current situation of health rooms in primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province, so as to provide the data support for scientific decision making. Methods: From April to July 2023, 512 primary and secondary schools and 1 432 school doctors and health care teachers were selected through convenience sampling method in Jilin Province to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey, including the basic information of the school, the situation of health rooms, personnel setting, and the development of school health work. Results: Among the 512 schools, only 6.4% of the 299 schools that should have clinics had medical institution practice licenses. The compliance rate of clinic area was 16.6%, and the compliance rate of health room area was 75.0%. About 92.1% of the middle schools and 90.6% of the primary schools identified the reporters of infectious diseases, and 90.9% of the primary schools and 85.5% of the secondary schools filed files for students. Totally 73.5% of the staff in the health room were teachers, and only 17.9% were health professionals. Nearly 70.1% of school doctors or health care teachers were engaged in part time jobs, and 60.9% engaged in school health for ≤5 years. In terms of the content in urgent need of training and improvement, the top five were knowledge about first aid (79.7%)，infectious disease prevention and treatment( 73.3 %), health education (64.0%), common disease diagnosis (60.1%) and psychological counseling (53.6%). Conclusions Health care institutions, equipment and facilities in primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province are inadequate, and the construction of school doctors and health care teachers is in need of improvement. It should pay more attention to school health and work together to optimize the team of school doctors and health care teachers.