Abstract Effective response to environmental health risks is the key to ensuring the healthy growth of children. The Chinese government has implemented policies, regulations, standards and pollution control measures to promote the overall improvement of children s environmental health. However, facing the still severe traditional and emerging environmental risks, it is still necessary to further integrate multiple resources and carry out precise prevention and control of children s environmental health risks. The paper focuses on both traditional and emerging key environmental health challenges affecting children s health in China, including air pollution from solid fuels, drinking water contamination and escalating threat of climate change; and it offers systematic recommendations across three levels:advancing scientific research, strengthening government policy guidance and implementing actions in schools and communities, aiming to create a safer and healthier growth environment for children.