Objective: To understand cognitive flexibility among college students with childhood neglected experience, and to provide a thoretical basis and data reference for the study of cognitive characteristics of neglected people and its intervention. Methods: A total of 719 college students were surveyed using the Childhood Neglect Scale, and were screened through Childhood Neglect Scale. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Verbal Fluency Test(VFT)were adminstered among those with childhood neglect to understand the responding flexibility and spontaneous flexibility. Results: The proportion of subjects with neglect experience was 43.74%. Boys,non-only children,students in rural areas neglect experience were higher(P<0.05). The neglect experience of childhood affects the individual’s response flexibility(t=2.22, P<0.05), as well as spontaneous flexibility(t=-2.17, P<0.05). Conclusion Childhood neglect experience has a negative impact on cognitive flexibility.