p27kip1 maps 12p13 and it has two exons. p27 not only inhibits the activation of acyclin dependent kinases, but also surpress the activity of ctivated cyclin CDKs. p27 plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, and relates to cell differentiation and apoptosis. Loss of p27 protein or lower level of it is prevalent in digestive tumors, and reduction of p27kip1 protein indicates malignant prognosis.

Abstract: Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths and the resulting helminthiasis is a heavy health burden for developing countries. Parasitic helminths are a class of multicellular parasites, mainly including trematodes, tapeworms and nematodes, wtih complex life cycle involving multiple developmental stages and typically one or more hosts. Understanding the growth, development, pathogenesis and transmission of these parasites at the molecular level is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of helminthiasis. Genetic manipulations, which alter the expression level of target genes, have greatly promoted the biomedical research. In recent years, with the release of genomic data of worms, genetic manipulation techniques, such as RNA interference and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing, have been increasingly applied in the studies of parasitic helminths. This article reviews the progress of genetic manipulations in important medical worms, as well as the methods of genetic manipulations, which would be expected to inspire the future functional study in parasitic helminths.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for antibiotics use. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the detection of pathogens and antibiotics use in 93 children with bronchiolitis in our hospital between Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014. Pathogens detection mainly included respiratory virus,pneumonia mycoplasma IgM antibody and pneumonia chlamydia IgM anti-body and sputum culture. RESULTS:Among 93 cases,22 cases (23.66%) were positive in respiratory virus IgM antibody test, mainly for respiratory syncytial virus;17 cases(18.28%)were positive in sputum culture test,mainly for the Moraxella catarrha-lis,Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia;10 cases(10.75%)were positive in Atypical pathogens test,mainly for mycoplasma pneumonia. There were 47 cases(50.54%)of antibiotics;Among them,only 12.77%(6/47)had clear indications for using antibiotics;the children who were 1-3 months old had the highest percentage of antibiotics,accounting for 81.82% at the same age;the duration of disease was significantly prolonged in the cases who used antibiotics,with average duration of(8.27± 3.32) d. CONCLUSIONS:Bronchiolitis is still usually caused by virus infection in our hospital,the ratio of antibiotics use are high and most of them don't have bacterial infection indications.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from nicotinamide. NAMPT is also a cytokine that inhibits the apoptosis of neutrophils under various inlfammatory stimuli, regulates various diseases and closely associates with the progression and prognosis of cancers. However, it is still not clear whether the cytokine-like function of NAMPT is interrelated with the biosynthesis enzyme activity of NAD+. This article aims to provide novel insights for inflammation and cancers treatment by reviewing the function of NAMPT in inflammation, carcinogenesis, cancer progression and its inhibitors, APO866/FK866.

Objective To investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each):control group (group C),small tidal volume group (group S),small tidal volume and PKC inhibitor group (group S + P),large tidal volume group (group L),and large tidal volume and PKC inhibitor group (group L + P).VT =42 ml/kg,RR =40 bpm,I∶E =1∶ 2,PEEP =0,FiO2 =21％ in groups L and L + P,while VT=7 ml/kg,RR=40 bpm,I∶E=1∶2,PEEP=0,FiO2 =21％ in groups S and S+P.The rats were only tracheostonized in group C,while the rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h in the other four groups.PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleinide Ⅰ 0.12 mg/kg was injected intramuscularly 1 h before anesthesia in groups S + P and L + P.The animals were sacrificed immediacy after tracheotomy in group C,and at 4 h of ventilation in the other four groups and lungs were removed for calculation of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for microscopic examination.The expression of occludin was determined in the lung tissues by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,W/D ratio was significantly increased and the expression of occludin was down-regulated in the other four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group S,W/D ratio was significantly increased and the expression of occludin was down-regulated in group L,and W/D ratio was decreased and the expression of occludin was up-regulated in group S + P (P ＜ 0.01).W/D ratio was significantly lower and the expression of occludin was higher in group L + P than in group L (P ＜ 0.01).The pathological changes were attenuated in groups S + P and L + P as compared with groups S and L.Conclusion PKC is involved in mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the content of iodide in water and children goiter in the high iodide areas. Methods Pupils aged 8-10 years from 17 primary schools in 10 towns of Huimin county, Yangxin county, Wudi county, Bincheng county were chosen. Based on the contents of water iodide,the pupils were divided into groups, the prevalence of goiter and the content of urinary iodide were determined. Results The prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 was 18.8%,the prevalence showed an increasing tendency. In a certain range, increase of content of iodide in water did not caused an increased prevalence of goiter. There was no association was found between the content of iodide in water and the prevalence of goiter. Conclusion According to the results of the present paper, despite the contents of iodide in drinking water meets the standard of high iodide area, there is still no dose-effect relationship between the prevalence of goiter in the children aged 8-10 years and the content of iodide in water, whereas as the high iodide exposure time prolong, the prevalence of goiter demonstrates an increase tendency.

In recent years, the number of ICU survivor is ever-growing with the increase of cure rate. The survivors′ outcome has aroused more and more attentions from medical personnel. ICU survivors tend to experience lasting physical, psychological and cognitive injuries, the post-traumatic stress disorder is one kind of significant psychological injury associated with patients′ critical experience. This review aims to summarize relevant literatures, introduces the prevalence, risk factors, complications, and interventions of ICU survivors′ post-traumatic stress disorder symptom, in order to prevent ICU survivors from post-ICU psychological injury and improve their long-term outcome.

Objective To discuss the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognostic factors of Hodgkin lymphoma of breast. Methods The clinical data, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of one male patient diagnosed as Hodgkin lymphoma of breast were retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were reviewed. Results The 71-year-old male patient had a main physical sign of a local painless lump in breast. The lump increased progressively, associated with generalized lymphadenopathy, skin itching and sweats. Pathologic results showed the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (Ann Arbor stage: ⅢEB). The patient eventually died after 7 months following the combined chemotherapy. Conclusions Hodgkin lymphoma of breast is a rare disease lacking in specific clinical manifestations. It is difficult to clarify the diagnosis before operation, and its definite diagnosis largely depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examination. The combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy may have a favorable efficacy, with the poor diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the role of Src tyrosine kinase in damage to alveolar epithelial cells caused by mechanical stretch.Methods MLE-12 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:mechanical stretch group (group S),dimethyl sulfoxide control group (group D),and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 group (group P).In D and P groups,dimethyl sulfoxide 30 μl/ml and PP2 100 μmol/L were added to the culture medium,respectively,and the cells were then cultured for 30 min.The cells underwent mechanical stretch for 8 h with frequency of0.5 Hz and amplitude of 20％ in the three groups.At 0,2,4 and 8 h of mechanical stretch,MLE-12 cells in 3 wells of each group were collected for determination of cell apoptosis with flow cytometry and expression of occludin using Western blot.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with S group,no significant changes were found in the apoptosis rate and expression of occludin at each time point in group D,and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,and the expression of occludin was up-regulated at 2,4 and 8 h of mechanical stretch in group P.Conclusion The activation of Src tyrosine kinase is involved in damage to alveolar epithelial cells caused by mechanical stretch.

This paper aimed to analyze the concept of symptom experience according to the aspects of definition,defining characteristics,antecedents and consequence.Symptoms experience is the perception of the frequency,intensity,distress,and meaning of symptoms as they are produced and expressed.Through the analysis of the symptom experience,to help nurses roundly understand the effects of symptoms on patients,improve symptom management and provide the basis for further research.