Objective: To understand the correlation between myopia related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students in Jing-an District of Shanghai, and to provide suggestions for reducing screen time and preventing myopia. Methods: Using the method of cluster sampling,1 585 students from grade one to grade eight of a primary school and a junior high school in Jing-an District were selected for a questionnaire survey regarding myopia related health belief, screen time and the correlation between them. Results: About 18.8%-44.4% of the students perceived themselves as myopia susceptible,which increased with grade (χ 2=33.25,P<0.01), 51.5%-78.0% of the students were aware of the adverse health impart of myopia, 39.3%-55.6% of the students were aware of unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia and 48.7%-77.5% of the students. More than 47.6% of the students daily screen time was more than 2 h/day, and daily screen time increased with grade (χ 2=12.18, P<0.01). Perceived susceptibility for myopia, awareness on adverse health impact of myopia and unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia, as well as self-efficacy associated with myopia prevention were associated with screen time of students. Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Jing an District show low lever of knowledge on myopia susceptibility and threat, but higher lever of knowledge on myopia severity and self-efficacy of preventing myopia. nearly half of the students use electronic screens too long or too close to their eyes. Awareness on myopia susceptibility, myopia-related behaviors and health impacts of myopia and self-efficacy, combined with screen time reduction might help myopia prevention.