After the indexes of article count, fraction count, weighted fraction count, and domestic and interna-tional collaboration ratio were calculated using the 2014 nature index of life science issued by British Nature Pub-lishing Group as the data source, the 2014 scientific research outputs in life science of some domestic colleges and universities were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for reducing the gap in scientific research strength between China and USA.

Peripheral nerve injuries, the worldwide difficult and complicated diseases, cause serious dysfunction but without ideal strategies to assist the successful treatment and recovery. The primary strategy to repair the peripheral nerve injuries is to bridge the lesions by promoting axon regeneration. The importance of mechanical factors in the nervous system has been appreciated only recently. It has been demonstrated that the application of external mechanical force is able to direct axonal outgrowth and to stimulate axonal elongation. For this purpose, to direct axonal growth cones in vivo with accurate force appears to be a challenge that must be resolved. Bionanotechnology is promising a new tool that offers the possibility to influence the process of axonal regeneration. The magnetic force generated by the interaction between Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetic fields provides remote, non-invasive, accurate, and controllable lead and control of neuronal axon regeneration.

Objective To investigate the optimal combination and the value of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast tumors. Methods One hundred and forty patients who had been clinically and pathologically diagnosed as breast tumors in our hospital during the period of 2009 to 2013 were collected. 63 of whom had breast cancer and 77 had benign tumor. All the patients received 1H-MRS, DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI at the same time. The obtained images were analyzed and then compared with the pathological findings. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRS combined with DWI or dynamic enhanced MRI, or DwI combined with enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer were obtained. Results All the diagnosis were pathologically confirmed. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 89.8%, 90.1%, and 90.0% for DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; 77.9%, 77.3% and 79.3% for MRS in combination with enhanced MRI; and 76.3%, 77.8% and 77.1% for DWI combined with MRS. There were significant differences among the three kinds of combination detection in diagnosis of breast cancer , χ2= 9.057, P = 0.011. Conclusions The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy is the highest in DWI combined with dynamic enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of breast tumor , which can be used as the best combination imaging for breast tumor.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of different doses of pioglitazone, a kind of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on vascular dementia and explore how pioglitazone affects cerebral ischemia. Methods Modified Pulsinelli's vessel ligation was used to establish a vascular dementia model in rats. Recognition, learning and memory were evaluated by Morris's water maze test. Immunoenzyme staining was used to determine the number of nerve cells. Immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the expression of PPARγ/nerve cells and PPARγ/astrocytes in different groups. Results Both in pioglitazone groups and sham-operation group, the latency was reduced significantly compared to that in control group (P<0.01). Sham-operation group had the largest number of neurons in the cortex, followed by low-dose pioglitazone group and high-dose pioglitazone group, and control group came last. Compared with control group, pioglitazone groups had more PPARγ expression in nerve cells, and the fluorescence intensity of PPARγ was stronger. Conclusion Pioglitazone can induce the expression of PPARγ in neuron endochylema and astrocyte endochylema to protect nerve cells, and then to improve spatial learning and memory function in VD rats.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the level of plasma procalcitonin,blood lactic acid an1 endotoxin in patients of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis.Methods The 40 cases of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis(observation group)were analyzed retrospectively,they were divided into survival group included 20 cases and the death group included 20 cases.Meanwhile the 20 cases of healthy persons were selected as control group.The worst score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) within 24 hours after admission were record.The level of plasma procalcitonin,blood lactic acid and endotoxin were compared between three groups.In addition do a correlation study between the above indexes and the score of APACHE Ⅱ.Results The level of plasma Procalcitonin,blood lactic acid and endotoxin of observation group increased significantly compared with the control group [(0.02±0.01 ng/ml,0.87 ± 0.27 mmol/L,4.15±1.63 pg/ml) vs (18.29±11.02 ng/ml,6.55 ± 3.02 mmol/L and 15.5±10.38 pg/ml),t=10.48,11.79,6.75,all P＜0.05].The level of plasma procalcitonin,blood lactic acid and endotoxin of the death group increased significantly compared with the survival group [(9.52±2.93 ng/ml,4.26±1.78 mmol/L,7.62±3.04 pg/ml) vs (27.06±8.88 ng/ml,8.84± 2.14 mmol/L and 23.39± 9.00 pg/ml),t=8.39,7.35,7.42,all P＜0.05].In the all patients of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis,there was positive correlation among plasma procalcitonin,blood lactic acid,endotoxin and the score of APACHE Ⅱ (r=0.919,P=0.001;r=0.914,P=0.002;r=0.909,P=0.004).Conclusion The level of plasma procalcitonin,blood lactic acid and endotoxin are very important indexes in assessment of the severity and the prognosis of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis,that has important value in clinical application.

Background Eyes with filamentary keratitis present with serious clinical symptoms.This disease is easy to relapse and the treatment is tricky.At present,its pathogenesis is still unclear,and few works were done on filamentous composition.Objective This study was to analyze the composition of corneal filament by imageological and histopathological method,and discuss the formation mechanism of filamentary keratitis.Methods Eighty-eight eyes of 82 cases who suffered from filamentary keratitis were collected in Shandong Eye Hospital between January 2008 and January 2011.The etiologies of the patients were classified and the clinical data were recorded.Firstly,the corneal filiform strip was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM),and the corneal structure was examined by high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).Then the composition of filamentary strip was analyzed by Giemsa and Masson trichrome staining of stretched preparation of filiform strip.Results Etiological study showed that filamentary keratitis occurred after penetrating keratoplasty in 40 eyes,after cataract surgery and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in 18 eyes,dry eye and neural dystrophic corneal disease in 14 eyes,acute conjunctivitis in 10 eyes.HD-OCT revealed that filament lesion developed to Bowman layer.Filament was composed of epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and the high reflective strip core with spiral arrangement under the LSCM,and epithelial cells,inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue were seen in the strip core.Giemsa staining exhibited that filament contained corneal epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and dark blued strip core with helical arrangement.Masson trichrome discovered that the strip core was red fibrous tissue surrounding by blue mucus.Conclusions Epithelial cells,inflammatory cells,mucus and the high reflective strip core with spiral arrangement are the main elements of filament in filamentary keratitis.The lesion can reach Bowman layer.The results contribute to reveal the formation mechanism of corneal filament and assist treatment.

The intracellular trafficking and subcellular distribution of exogenous gene is very important for gene delivery. A successful gene vehicle should overcome various barriers including endosomal membrane barriers to delivery gene to the target organelle. Traditional nonviral vehicle is unable to avoid endosomal pathway efficiently, so the efficiency of gene delivery is low and the application of gene drugs is limited. In order to achieve efficient nonviral gene delivery, a lot of researches based on endosomal escape have been carried out and some agents with the function of endsomal escape have been found. These agents facilitate the endsomal escape via various mechanisms, such as fusion into the lipid bilayer of endosomes, pore formation in the endosomal membrane, proton sponge effect and photochemical methods to rupture the endosomal membrane. In this review, various reported strategies for endsomal escape are described according to the escape mechanisms, and their applications in intracellular gene delivery are also discussed.

Background and purpose:Previous studies have shown that Bubl was a critical component of the spindle checkpoint.Paclitaxel sensitivity was considered to be dependent on the functionality of this spindle checkpoint.This study investigated the effects of pEGFP-Bubl-shRNA plasmid stably transfected into the cell cycle and its sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780.Methods:After the pEGFP-Bubl-shRNA plasmid and empty plasmids were constructed.they were transfected into A2780 cells by the Lipofectamine 2000~(TM).The nontransfected cells were the control.RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the target gene and protein expression.The rate of proliferation inhibition was tested by an MTT assay,apoptosis and cell cycles were determined by flow cytometry,and the mitotic index was determined bv Hoechst33342 dye.Results:RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that pEGFP-Bubl-shRNA/A2780 group displayed a low expression of Bubl compared to the A2780 and pEGFP-Cl/A2780 group(P＜0.05).The sensitivity of the pEGFP-Bubl-shRNA/A2780 group was significantly lower than the non-transfccted and pEGFP-Cl/A2780 cells(P＜0.05).Flow cytometry revealed that the rates of G2/M phase and apoptosis were significantly lower in the pEGFP-Bubl-shRNA/A2780 group than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Bubl plays an important role in the paclitaxel treatment.A down-regulation of Bubl could reduce the drug sensitivity and rate of G_2/M cells in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780.

Objective: To analyze the expression of CMTM1-v17 in normal prostate tissue and prostate carcinoma originated cell lines, and study its impact on the transactivation of androgen receptor and the possible mechanism. Methods: The expression of CMTM1-v17 in normal prostate tissue was analyzed with immunohistochemistry method. In immounocytochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CMTM1-v17 in prostate carcinoma originated cell lines. Luciferase assay was used to study the impact of CMTM1-v17 on the transactivation of AR and its mechanism. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry showed that CMTM1-v17 was highly expressed in prostate. In prostate cancer originated cell lines, CMTM1-v17 could also be detected in prostate cancer originated cell lines PC3, Du145 and LNCaP. And the results of luciferase implied that the relative luciferase activity of the PC3 cells transfected with 1 ?g and 2 ?g pCDI-CMTM1-v17 plasmids separately were 70.8 and 34.7, compared with the control set as 100. When trichostatin A, the inhibitor for histone deacetylase, was used, the repression of androgen receptor could be recovered with trichostatin A treatment,for the relative luciferase activity of the PC3 cells transfected with 1 ?g and 2 ?g pCDI-CMTM1-v17 plasmids and treated with 100 nmol/L trichostatin A rebound to 90.9 and 86.4. Conclusion: CMTM1-v17 is highly expressed in both normal prostate and prostate carcinoma originated cell lines. It may recruit histone deacetylas to inhibit the function of androgen receptor.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Qidan Granules(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Radix Astragali,Myrrha,Rhizoma Curcumae;Faeces Togopteri). METHODS: Myrrh,Rhizoma Curcumae and Faeces Trogopteri in Qidan Granules were identified by TLC.The content of tanshinone Ⅱ_A was determined by HPLC.The astragaloside content was determined by HPLC-ELSD. RESULTS: Myrrh,Rhizoma Curcumae and Faeces Trogopteri could be identified by TLC.There was a good linear relationship between the peak area and quantity of tanshinone Ⅱ_A at the range of 2.98-953.6 ng,r=0.999 9,and the recovery was 100.6%,RSD was(0.5%.) Also,there was a good natural logarithm linear relationship between the peak area and quantity of astragaloside at the range of 2.05-40.92 ?g,r=0.999 8,and the recovery was 102.0%,RSD was 1.8%.(CONCLUSION:) The method can be used to set up the quality standard for Qidan Granules.