This paper reports 11 cases died of cerebral injuury. Grossly,various degree of cerebral contusions and subardchnoul hemorrhages were found in 10 cases, hemorrhags of brainstem in 3 cases and of hy-pohalamus in 1 case' Under light and scanning electron microscope, cerebral cortex contusions werefound in 10 cases, contusions and hemorrhages of white matter 3 cm far from the area of cerebral cortex contusbos in 6 cases, contusions of hypohalamus in 8 cases, of pons in 5 cases, of bulb in 4 cas-es, of lateral vertricular wall in 8 cases and of optic nerve in 4 cases. Degeneration, necrosis and is-chemical changes of nerve cells were found in 10 cases. Degeneration, disarrangement, breakage and necrosis of axon and myelin sheath in cerebrun and brainstems were Observed in 9 cases. In 7 out of 9cases, retfract balls of broken axons were seen. The causes of death of the cerebral trauma and the diffrential diagnosis were briefly discussed.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and/or poor bone microarchitecture leading to an increased risk of fractures. Oral manifestations can be frequently discovered in osteoporosis patients. Osteoporosis therapies have mostly relied on antiresorptive drugs. Parathyroid hormone plays a significant role in osteogenesis and calcium deposition. Intermittent exposure to parathyroid hormone has been widely proved to lead to a net increase in bone formation.
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibly celular and molecular mechanism of parathyroid hormone in strengthening the bone mineral density and regulating bone formation.
METHODS: An online search of CNKI and Medline databases was performed for relevant articles using keywords of “parathyroid hormone; osteoporosis; osteoblast; osteogenesis” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from three aspects: effects of parathyroid hormone on differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoblast apoptosis, and the relationship of parathyroid hormone with Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and other cytokines. According to inclusion criteria, 41 articles were retained at last.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Parathyroid hormone exerts an effect on parathyroid hormone type I receptor, triggering a classic G protein signaling pathway. Parathyroid hormone mainly works through protein kinase A signaling pathway, adjusting its downstream c-reactive protein. Intermittent use of parathyroid hormone can increase osteoblast proliferation, increase osteoblast runx2 and osteocalcin at mRNA and protein levels, inhibit osteoblast apoptosis by against oxidative stress, so as to promote osteogenesis.

Objective: To explore the value of body measurement indicators in screening for metabolic syndrome (MS), so as to provide the basis for early detection and prevention of MS. Methods: The individuals who were 18 years old or above and underwent physical examinations at a tertiary hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected using the convenience sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle, waist circumference (WC) and blood biochemical indicators were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory tests. The associations of WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), abdominal volume index (AVI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with MS were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. The screening values of these body measurement indicators for MS were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: A total of 37 921 individuals were recruited, including 20 666 males (54.50%) and 17 255 females (45.50%), and had a median age of 41.00 (interquartile range, 20.00) years. There were 7 988 cases of MS, with a detection rate of 21.06%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that WC, WHR, LAP and VAI were statistically associated with MS (all P<0.05), and the risk of MS increased with the levels of these indicators (all Ptrend<0.05), after adjusting for confounding factors (gender, age, lifestyle, etc.). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of LAP for screening MS was the highest among single indicators, at 0.930 (95%CI: 0.927-0.933), and the optimal cut-off value was 43.13, Youden's index was 0.720, the sensitivity was 88.01%, and the specificity was 84.04%. The combined indicators of WC×VAI for screening MS had the highest AUC, which was 0.937 (95%CI: 0.935-0.939), and the optimal cut-off value was 0.17, Youden's index was 0.730, the sensitivity was 91.88%, and the specificity was 81.07%. The DeLong test showed that the AUC of WC×VAI for screening MS was higher than that of WC, WHR, LAP and VAI, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion The value of combining WC and VAI for screening MS is higher than other body measurement indicators.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pancreatic fistula after duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejuuostomy (PD). Methods The clinical data of 101 cases undergoing duct-to-mucosa PD in our hospital from January 1994 to January 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 9.9% (10/101). Univariate analysis showed level of preoperative jaundice(χ2=5.814, P= 0.016) , duration of jaundice (χ2= 4.17, P = 0.041 ), texture of the remnant pancreas (χ2=5.286, P = 0.021 ), diameter of pancreatic duct (χ2= 4.165, P = 0.041 ), blood loss during operation (χ2=5.273, P=0.022) were significantly associated with pancreatic fistula after duct-to-mucosa PD. Multivariate analysis regression revealed that texture of the remnant pancreas (OR = 13.355, P = 0.023), level of preoperative jaundice (OR = 12.126, P = 0.006), blood loss during operation (OR = 5.92, P =0.032 ) were independent risk factors. Logistic regression equation was as following: P=1/[<1+e-(-6.378+2.592 texture of the remrant pancress + 2.495 level of preopetative jaundice + 1.778 blood loss during operative)>]. The accuracy of the logistic equation was 92.1%. Conclusion Texture of the remnant pancreas, level of preoperative jaundice, blood loss during operation were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of PD after duct-to-mucosa PD. Improvement of operative technique and reduction of blood loss can decrease the incidence of pancreatic fistula.

Objective To investigate the effect of sad mood to implicit memory of depressed individuals under the condition of percept-driven process. Methods Using the percept-driven implicit paradigm improved by Paller,26 depression subjects and 25 normal subjects completed study-test task and reported the gender of different emotional faces. Results ①There were main effects of time(F = 4.61, P<0.05)and mood state(F= 21.61, P <0.05) ,significant interaction of time and emotion(F = 4. 13, P<0. 05) ,no significant difference of group on visual analogue scale(VAS) mood ratings. ②Among the accuracy rate of subjects' gender judging to different emotional faces,there were significant main effects on time(F = 4.12, P<0.05)and experiment type (F = 20.55, P < 0.05) , and there was significant interaction of time and experiment type (F=31.72,P<0.05). ③Further simple effects analysis showed that the positive((80 ± 13)%vs(92 ± 10)% , F=65.06, P<0.05) ,negative((58 ± 12)%vs(91 ±10)%,F=10.00,P<0.05),neutral((84±16)%vs(88±9)%, F= 12.49, P < 0. 05) faces when the presentation time was 3600ms in experiment type had significant simple effects; the positive ((76 ± 12)%vs(85±10)%,F=54.72, P<0.05) ,neutral((82 ± 10)% vs(80 ± 10)% , F = 54.57, P<0.05)faces when the presentation time was 300 ms in experiment types had significant simple effects, while the accuracy of neutral faces had significant simple effect between the two groups. Conclusion Sad mood enhance the implicit memory of both depressed and normal subjects to positive and negative faces,and the accuracy rate in implicit processing to neutral faces of depressed group were lower than that of normal group.

Objective To study the effects of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting STAT3 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of A375 human malignant melanoma cells.Methods Sense and antisense oligonucleotides with small hairpin structures targeting STAT3 gene were designed,synthesized and cloned into the plasmid vector psiRNA-hHlneo after annealing.Cultured A375 cells were divided into 3 groups: control group receiving no treatment,psiRNA-H1 group transfected with empty plasmid,and psiRNA-H1/STAT3 group transfected with the recombinant plasmid containing the shRNA.After additional culture for different durations,reverse transcription PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of STAT3 mRNA and protein,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay to evaluate cell proliferation,flow cytometry to assess cell cycle and apoptosis.Results The expression level of STAT3 mRNA and protein in A375 cells in psiRNA-H1/STAT3 group (0.2136 ± 0.0626,0.8214 ± 0.043,respectively) were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.7826 ± 0.0701,3.1693 ± 0.0846,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01) and psiRNA-H1 group (0.8518 ± 0.0783,3.218 ± 0.078,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01 ).The inhibition rates of cell proliferation at 24,48 and 72 hours were 21.35％ ± 2.12％,32.52％ ± 2.64％ and 40.4％ ± 3.08％ respectively in psiRNA-H1/STAT3 group,statistically different from those in the control group (1.39％ ± 0.53％,3.05％ ± 1.16％,4.41％± 1.42％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01) and psiRNA-H1 group (2.63％ ± 1.38％,5.84％ ± 2.47％,10.32％ ±2.48％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Flow cytometry showed a statistical increase in cell apoptosis rate in psiRNA-H1/STAT3 group compared with the control and psiRNA-H1 group (81.06％ ± 2.10％ vs.26.28％ ±0.47％ and 27.31％ ± 1.05％,both P ＜ 0.01 ).The psiRNA-H1/STAT3 group exhibited a higher percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase (68.43％ ± 4.00％) but a lower percentage of cells at S phase (17.4％ ± 2.05％) compared with the control group (60.07％ ± 2.47％,P ＜ 0.05; 28.40％ ± 2.09％,P ＜ 0.01 ) and psiRNA-H1 group (60.29％ ± 2.26％,27.34％ ± 3.63％,both P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The small interference RNA targeting STAT3 gene can specifically down-regulate the expressions of STAT3 mRNA and proteins in,inhibit cellular proliferation of,and induce apoptosis in,A375 cells.

Panax ginseng is a precious medicinal herb both in China and abroad with high medicinal and economic value.Ginseng disease has been recognized as the main factor restricting its application.Modern molecular biology for the disease resistance of ginseng promoted the development of new methods.In this study,it was found that the antimicrobial proteins of ginseng involved lipid transfer protein,cyclophilin,defensins,PR-4 and PR-10,showing inhibitory effects on various pathogens.These findings provided a reference for the control of ginseng diseases.

In order to clarify the chemical composition and source of Banxia Xiexin decoction quickly and comprehensively, whole and individual herbs of Banxia Xiexin decoction were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS(E)). Under identical experiment conditions, chromatography results were compared between experiment groups. Based on the Q-TOF-MS(E) analysis, 74 peaks were identified on line. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids and glycosides were the main components in effective part of Banxia Xiexin decoction. The method established is simple and rapid for elucidation the constituents of Banxia Xiexin decoction and the results could be used for the quality control of Banxia Xiexin decoction.

Objective To study the differentially expressed genes and analyze its functional pathways of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),in order to discover the pathogenesis and provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods Fetal eyeballs of induced labor were obtained and retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured.The endothelial cells were divided into 7 groups according to the medium of cobalt chloride (CoC12) concentration (0 μ mol/L,100 μ mol/L,150 pμmol/L,200 μmol/L,250 pμmol/L,300 μmol/L,350 μmol/L),and 150 μmol/L CoCl2 was finally used to induce ROP model in vitro.Retinal microvascular endothelial cells were verified by adopting Ⅷ factor and CD31 antibody fluorescence staining.RNA purification,gene chip hybridization and signi-ficant analysis of microarrays were performed to screen differentially expressed genes.Genes functional pathways were studied by using gene ontology analysis software.Results (1) The proliferation activity of vascular endothelial cells decreased when CoCl2 ≥ 150 μmol/L(F =21,P ＜ 0.05).(2) In 150 μmol/L CoC]2 group,blue nucleus and green cytoplasm were visible in the second and the third generation vascular endothelial cells stained by factor Ⅷ antibody,and red fluorescence could also be observed in the cytoplasm by means of CD31 monoclonal antibody staining.However,only blue nucleus was detected in the group without CoCl2.(3)There were 326 genes differently expressed in retinal micro vascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 in vitro,among whom,198 genes were up-regulated and 128 genes were down-regulated.Up-regulated expression genes were 1.5 times more than those of the down-regulated genes.(4)Ten biological pathways including cell hypoxia,angiogenesis suppression and iron ion transport etc.may play important roles in ROP pathogenesis.Conclusions Hypoxic retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 can successfully be used to induce cell model of ROP in vitro.Differentially expressed genes may play an important role in ROP development.Functional pathway such as hypoxic cells,inhibition of angiogenesis,iron ion transport may be associated with ROP pathogenesis.

Objective To examine the expression of MMP -2 and HSP70 in salivary tumor and to explore the relationship among the expression of MMP -2 and HSP70 and the biological of the salivary tumor. Methods The expression of MMP -2 and HSP70 on 38 salivary tumor patients and controls was detected by immunohistochemistry. The data was disposed by SPSS software. Results The expression of MMP -2 and HSP70 in salivary tumor was higher than that in normal controls(P