Objective: To determine health risk behaviors related to accidental injury of adolescent in Jiangxi province,and to provide a peference for taking targeted measures to prevent the occurence of adolescent’s risk behaviors. Methods: By using the cluster stratified sampling, students of grade one and grade two from 10 classes in 5 middle schools in Nanchang city and from 1 middle school in Wuyuan county were selected. Health risk behaviors were investigated through questionnaire survey and were compared within the two areas. Results: Regarding to safety, the rates of never or rarely wearing a helmet when riding a bicycle during the past 12 months, never or rarely wearing a seat belt, text or Email while driving a vehicle and in a physical fight were very high. In Wuyuan county, 35.2% of the students have ever tried cigarette smoking, 51.5% of the students have had at least one drink of alcohol, 4.0% of the students have ever had sexual intercourse, 32.7% of the students describe their weight as slightly or very overweight, 49.1% of the students trying to lose weight. After standardized, the rate of health risk behaviors in Nanchang city was higher than that in Wuyuan county. Conclusion here are more healthrisk behaviors found among middle school students in Nanchang than in Wuyuan county.The targeted measures should be taken to develop healthy behavior habits of the students to effectively reduce its occurence.