With the development of space exploration,high performance extravehicular activity(EVA) space suit portable life support system(PLSS) is expected.In this paper,the research progress of PLSS for EVA is introduced.The techniques of CO2 removal system and H2O removal system are key parts of PLSS.These concepts are compared and analyzed.Prospects of development of PLSS are proposed.Those mature,reliable techniques should be adopted for our country.Regenerative PLSS facilities should be investigated simultaneously.

Objective To provide a more accurate calculation method for design of condensing heat exchanger (CHX) through an in depth discussion about working conditions of the CHX commonly used in temperature and humidity control system of manned spacecraft.Methods With difference of the simplified configuration of CHX,a mathematical model was given.Specifically,the log-mean temperature difference (LMTD) method was used in dry conditions,while in wet conditions mass and energy conservation equations were used.The set of equations of the model were solved by using the shooting method provided by Matlab/Simulink program.Results The results of working conditions and the performance of heat transfer and dehumidification of CHX were determined.Analysis showed that the simulation model could evaluate performance of the CHX in different work conditions reasonably and the results were close to the physical phenomenon.Conclusion The simulation models are of significance for design and optimization of CHX both in manned spacecraft temperature and humidity control system and in aircraft environmental control system.

[Objective] To establish the contents determining means of baicalin in Jinchaihuang granules.[Methods] Baicalin was carried out by HPLC.[Results] Baicalin showed a good linear relatiaoship at a range of 0.157~1.256?g,r=0.9997.The average recovery was 101.31%,and RSD was 1.26%.[Conclusion]The methods are accurate and quick,and can be used for the quality control of Gujingdan granules.

Background Researches showed that the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy play an important role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma.However,whether high pressure will lead to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy is not elucidated.Objective This study was conducted to explore whether elevated pressure can directly induce the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in cultured RGC-5 cells in vitro.Methods RGC-5 cells were exposed to self-made pressure device and treated by 0,20,40 and 60 mmHg pressure for four hours in pressurized bottles.RGC-5 cells were incubated simultaneously in sealed incubator bottles and served as normal control.The morphological changes of the cells were examined under the inverted phase-contrast microscope.The apoptosis percentages of the cells were detected by flow cytometry.Mitochondrial membrane potentials of the cells were assessed using the JC-1,a fluorescent dye.And the expressions of cytochrome C (Cyt-c),microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 protein in the cells was detected by Western blot.Results Cultured cells showed fusiform shape in the normal control group and 0 mmHg group with more dendritic process.The cell density was obviously reduced and the number of dead cells was increased in the 20,40 and 60 mmHg groups.The apoptotic percentage was (15.69 ± 0.77)％,(15.77 ± 1.14)％,(18.30± 1.07) ％,(23.28 ± 1.33)％ and (34.47± 1.17)％ in the normal control group and 0,20,40 and 60 mmHg groups,respectively,showing a significant intergroup difference (F =150.90,P＜0.001),and the apoptotic percentage in the 40 mmHg group and 60 mmHg group was significantly increased in comparison with the normal control group (both at P＜0.01).The mitochondrial membrane potential was high in the normal control group and 0 mmHg group,with the reddish fluorescence in the cells,and the reddish fluorescence was weakened in the 20 mmHg group and 40 mmHg group.The lowing of mitochondrial membrane potential was seen in the 60 mmHg group,with the green fluorescence.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of Cyt-c,LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 proteins in pressured groups was correspondingly increased (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Elevated pressure induces the morphologic change of RGC-5 cells,results in mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy.

Adolescent ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Myocarditis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; etiology ; physiopathology

This study was designed to validate the correlation between integrated pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects of alkaloids using bile processed Rhizoma Coptidis (BRC). Rats were divided into three groups: normal, disease model, model+BRC. Rats were induced to have an excessive heat syndrome. Rectal temperatures were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h after single oral administration of the drugs. The plasma concentrations of three alkaloids were quantified at different times by UPLC-MS/MS after the administration of BRC. An approach of self-defined weighting coefficiency was created to the holistic pharmacokinetic profiles of alkaloids in BRC. The classified and integrated synthetic concentrations were obtained, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters of alkaloids were calculated from non-compartmental model analysis. The potential relationship between the integrated mean concentration of alkaloids and the antifebrile efficacy was investigated. The holistic t(max) of alkaloids was 1.11 h, the antifebrile effect of BRC at 3 h was improved over the model group. Double peaking appeared in the integrated blood concentration-time curve, the second t(max) of alkaloids was 4.82 h. The antifebrile effects of BRC at 3-6 h were significant, and the antifebrile effects at 6-9 h was decreased significantly. Dynamic variation of alkaloids of BRC in the body exhibited the similarity to the pattern of its antifebrile effect.
Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Bile ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency (EE) and medicine loading (ML) in β-elemene-loaded Nano Polymeric Micelles; To study its release characteristic in vitro. Methods DSPE-PEG2000 was used as carrier to prepare medicine-loaded micelles. EE and ML were determined by petroleum ether extraction method, and its release characteristic in vitro was studied by dialysis method. Results The average EE and ML ofβ-elemene-loaded Nano Polymeric Micelles were 89.47%and 8.33%, respectively. Its release characteristic was slow. Conclusion The method for EE and ML determination is simple and accurate, and the prepared micelles have the property of sustained release.

Objective To establish QAMS method to determine the contents of three alkaloids in bile processed Coptidis Rhizoma; To compare the results of QAMS with those from external standard method; To prove the feasibility of QAMS.Methods An HPLC method was developed. Berberine hydrochloride was selected as the internal reference substance. 2 relative correction factors (RCF) of berberine hydrochloride to palmatine hydrochloride and to jatrorrhizine hydrochloride were established. Obtained RCFs were used to conduct content calculation (calculated value) to complete QAMS method. At the same time, the contents (measured value) of the three components were also determined by external standard method. Calculated value and measured value were compared.Results The analysis results showed that there was no significant difference between the calculated values and the measured values of the three alkaloids in 10 batches of bile processed Coptidis Rhizoma.Conclusion The QAMS method can be applied in the determination of alkaloids in bile processed Coptidis Rhizoma.

This study was designed to validate the correlation between integrated pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects of alkaloids using bile processed Rhizoma Coptidis (BRC). Rats were divided into three groups: normal, disease model, model+BRC. Rats were induced to have an excessive heat syndrome. Rectal temperatures were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h after single oral administration of the drugs. The plasma concentrations of three alkaloids were quantified at different times by UPLC-MS/MS after the administration of BRC. An approach of self-defined weighting coefficiency was created to the holistic pharmacokinetic profiles of alkaloids in BRC. The classified and integrated synthetic concentrations were obtained, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters of alkaloids were calculated from non-compartmental model analysis. The potential relationship between the integrated mean concentration of alkaloids and the antifebrile efficacy was investigated. The holistic t(max) of alkaloids was 1.11 h, the antifebrile effect of BRC at 3 h was improved over the model group. Double peaking appeared in the integrated blood concentration-time curve, the second t(max) of alkaloids was 4.82 h. The antifebrile effects of BRC at 3-6 h were significant, and the antifebrile effects at 6-9 h was decreased significantly. Dynamic variation of alkaloids of BRC in the body exhibited the similarity to the pattern of its antifebrile effect.

Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed