The deletion of tumor suppressor gene PTEN's expression was familiar in many tumors, including prostate cancer. The guide would be given in the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of prostate cancer by studying about PTEN's tumor suppression mechanism and relation with expression deletion. This review makes an overview focusing on the recent progress of PTEN's structure, function, expression deletion, and the correlation between PTEN and prostate cancer.

Programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)is a novel gene which can promote and regulate apoptosis. The evidences of some studies show that PDCD5 displays reduced expression in a variety of tumor tissue. Increased expression of PDCD5 can improve the sensitivity of anti-tumor chemotherapy. Because of this feature with PDCD5,it is expected to become a new chemosensitizer.

LASS gene family is a group of highly conserved and longevous gene LASS protein has a ceramide synthase activity,which can synthesize different types of ceramides.Ceramide is a key intermediate in tumor cells growth,signal transduction and other aspects.Thus it is inferred that the expression of LASS gene can suppress the occurrence and development of tumor within a certain range.

Objective To investigate the change of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential in obese male infertility patients,and to explore the re?lationship of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential with the reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids in seminal plasma. Methods According to the research conditions,samples were randomly selected by cluster sampling from outpatient,and divided into normal body mass index fertile men as control group(n=51),normal body mass index infertile group(n=36),overweight infertile group(n=44),and obesity infertile group(n=45). Semen routine analysis was performed. Free fatty acid and reactive oxygen species in the seminal plasma was determined by ELSA method,sperm mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Results The rate of normal sperm mitochondrial membrane potential in nor?mal weight infertility(27.34%±13.38%),overweight infertility(28.26%±9.76%),obesity infertility group(25.27%±7.51%)were lower than the control group(35.12%±15.90%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Although obesity infertility group normal rate of mitochon?drial membrane potential were lower than normal weight infertility group and the overweight infertility group,but there was no statistically significant difference. The rate of sperm normal mitochondrial membrane potential was positively correlated with the rate of sperm progressive motility(r=0.29, P<0.01). Free fatty acid was positively correlated with reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma(r=0.30,P<0.01),reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma was negatively correlated with sperm normal mitochondrial membrane potential(r=-0.24,P<0.01). Conclusion Free fatty acid was elevated in the seminal plasma of overweight and obese patients with male infertility,which causes increased reactive oxygen species,reduced mitochondrial membrane potential,and eventually lead to the decline of sperm movement ability. Patients undergoing the treatment should be ad?vised to reduce the high fat diet and perform proper exercise.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important inhibitory immune cells.Research finds that MDSCs and Tregs increase in a large number under the conditions of inflammation,infection and tumor and they are able to suppress the immunity system and promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through multiple mechanisms.Finding the causes resulting in the increase of MDSCs and Tregs in tumor microenvironment and the eliminating methods have become new focuses in the field of antitumor immunotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic resection for patients with superficial bladder tumor(SBT) complicated with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).Methods A total of 41 patients with SBT complicated with BPH were treated by transurethral plasmakinetic resection in our hospital.Various procedures were selected basing on the location,size,quantity of the bladder tumors,size of the prostate,and degree of adhesion around the gland.Results The opertion was completed in all of the 41 cases.The mean operation time was(67.2?25.3) min for resection of the bladder tumors and(72.3?23.2) min for the prostate.During the surgery,7 cases showed obturator nerve reflex and 2 developed bladder perforation.No patients died or had transurethral resection syndrome or rectal perforation.Six months after the operation,reexamination showed a mean IPSS of 6.2?3.7 and Qmax of(20.1?4.2) ml/s,which were significantly imporved compared with those detected before the surgery [25.3?4.1,(8.9?4.1)ml/s,t=22.209 and -12.174 respectively;and both P=0.000].The patients were followed up for 1 to 4 years,during which 9 cases showed recurent bladder tumor.Conclusions Transurethral plasmakinetic resection is safe and effective for patients with SBT complicated with BPH.The surgical procedure should be determined accordingly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors.Methods A total of 81 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy from March 2002 to October 2005 was retrospectively analyzed,including 21 cases of Cushing's syndrome,57 cases of aldosterone-preducing adenoma,2 cases of adrenal pheochromocytoma,and 1 case of bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia.Three trocars were introduced at the lumbar part and a retroperitoneal space was established by blunt dissection with the camera assembly.The tumor was removed by using a harmonic scalpel.Results The procedure was successfully completed in all the 81 cases,with an operation time of 20~140 min(mean,60 min) and an intraoperative blood loss of 20~100 ml(mean,45 ml).There was no need of blood transfusion intra-and post-operatively.Retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in 1 case post-operatively.Follow-up examinations in 37 cases for 3~18 months(mean,11 months) showed normal blood pressure,stature and laboratory findings.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy has advantages of minimal invasion,little blood loss,quick post-operative recovery,and low complication incidence.It should be considered as the first choice for treating benign adrenal tumors.

Nucleic acid aptamer is the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment syn-thesized in vitro screening technology resulting single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA),by folding into unique spatial structure specific recognition binding target molecules.Aptamers function is similar to the anti-bodies but more specifically,as novel molecular probes for the field of cancer therapeutics and diagnostics.

Objective To explore the method and the clinical effects of surgical treatment for severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom. Methods 96 patients with severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom were scored by GOS before surgery. Then unilateral or bilateral craniotomy was carried out,via a large flap incision in the site of frontotemporal and parietal hair,and the blood clots within the surgical fieldand the inactivation brain tissue having been fell off were removed, and the contusion lesions of brain bottom were exposed, and the inactivation brain tissue was cleared. If the brain injury was serious ,the removal of frontal pole and temporal pole should be proper. Discretion to The removing or replacing the bone flap should be based on consideration of the circumstances. Six nonths or one year after injury,96 patients were scored by GOS again. Results There were 17 cases of grade Ⅰ(17.71%) ,11 cases of gradeⅡ (11.46%),13 cases of gradeⅢ (13.54%),21 cases of grade Ⅳ(21.86%),34 cases of grade Ⅴ (35.42%) in 96 patients. Conclusion Early surgical treatment of severe hedge brain injury at frontotemporal bottom could improve the cure rate and reduce the rate of disability.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (DCR) in repair of rotator cuff (RCR) with acromioclavicular arthritis.Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline EMbase,CBM and WanFang Data were searched for studies up to May 2016 concerning the efficacy of arthroscopic distal clavicle resection in repair of rotator cuff with acromioclavicular arthritis.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies included.Next,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to compare the efficacy between the patients undergoing arthroscopic DCR plus RCR and those undergoing simple arthroscopic RCR.The randomized control trails (RCT) and clinical control trials (CCT) included were evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0) and Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS),respectively.Results A total of 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 CCTs) involving 465 patients were included.No statistically significant difference was found between the RCR and the DCR plus RCR patients in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score,Constant score,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score,shoulder range of motion (ROM),postoperative acromioclavicular pain or rotator cuff retear (P ＞ 0.05).The 3 RCTs showed moderate bias risk and the 2 CCTs scored 21 MINORS points.Conclusion Since current evidence shows no advantages of arthroscopic DCR over RCR in repair of rotator cuff with acromioclavicular arthritis in VAS score,Constant score,ASES score,shoulder ROM,postoperative acromioclavicular pain or rotator cuff retear,arthroscopic DCR should not be recommended for routine use in clinic.