Objective To investigate the etiology of the nosocomial infection and immune function changes anus and anal after operation.Methods 130 patients who needed anus and anal canal surgery were recruited in the study.The clinical data were recor-ded and postoperative nosocomial infection data were observed,including infection type,distribution,pathogenic analysis and im-mune function.Results A total of 67 cases of nosocomial infection occured,the infection rate was 51.5% (67/130),the main types of infection were perineal wound infection,abdominal infections and pelvic infections,urinary tract and vaginal infections were rare. 93 isolates were collected,of which gram-negative bacilli accounted for 67.7% (63/93 ),including bacteroides fragilis (21.5%), Escherichia coli (18.3%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.8%);Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.7% (30/93 ),including Staphylococcus aureus(17.2%),Staphylococcus epidermidis(6.5%);5 fungi were isolated accounting for 5.4%,other strains ac-counted for 3.2%.All the immune parameters detected in patients with postoperative nosocomial infection were statistically differ-ent from those before infection(P <0.05)except for IgM(P >0.05).Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infection was rela-tively high in patients who had anus and anal canal surgery,which could serious affect the patients'outcomes,preventive and control measures should be taken in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the concentration of the inflammatory cytokines in vitreous of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR).Methods A total of 80 PDR patients (80 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into vitrectomy group (group A) and IVR combined with vitrectomy group (group B),40 eyes in each group.The differences of sex(x2=0.05),age (t=0.59),duration of diabetes (t=0.36),HbA1c (t=0.13) and intraocular pressure (F=0.81) between two groups were not significant (P＞0.05).The eyes in group B received 0.5 mg (0.05 ml) ranibizumab injection at 7 days before operation.The vitreous samples (0.4 ml)were obtained before operation.The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results The concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 were (10.70±3.60),(224.64±90.32) pg/L in group B and (72.38±23.59),(665.61±203.34)pg/L in group A.The differences of VEGF and ICAM-1 concentration between two groups was significant (t=16.34,12.53 ; P＜ 0.001).The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were (210.64 ± 80.27),(156.00±57.74) pg/L in group B and (45.78±33.82),(41.07±13.82) pg/L in group A.The differences of IL-6 and IL-8 concentration between two groups was significant (t=11.97,12.24; P＜0.001).There was no difference of CTGF concentration between two groups (t=1.39,P=0.17).The CTGF/VEGF in group B was higher than that in group A (t=14.75,P＜0.001).Conclusions One week after IVR,the concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 are decreased,while IL-6 and IL-8 increased.There is no obvious change in CTGF,but CTGF/VEGF is increased.

Purpose To measure the nuclear morphological parameters of breast cancer to study the relationship between nuclear mor-phological parameters and ER, PR, HER-2 expression, and clinicopathologic features of breast carcinoma. Methods 388 cases of breast cancer specimens were collected and molecular classification was made according to ER, PR and HER-2 expression. the nucleus parameters were measured by image analysis software after HE staining. The difference among groups was statistically analysed, and follow-up was done by phone or by hospitalization. Results Among the 4 groups of breast cancer case, the differences of circle diame-ter, area and perimeter edges of the nucleus were statistically significant (P<0.05). Nuclear morphometric quantitation between ER+/PR+ patients and ER-/PR- patients was statistically significantly differentice (P<0.05). The majority of patients with ER-/PR- were histological gradeⅢand poor survival rate (P<0.05). The disease-free survival in Luminal A type was higher than that of Basal-like type (P<0.05), and its overall survival was higher than HER-2 over-expression (P<0. 05) and Basal-like type (P<0.05) . Conclusion The nucleus morphological quantitation in breast cancer is of significant difference, which has certain reference value in its molecular typing. The result of ER, PR and HER-2 expression, combined with nuclear morphology measurement, are meaningful to the treatment and assessment of prognosis.

Objective To survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test in Liaoning province and investigate the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）patients to the test.Methods One hundred and twenty nine comprehensive hospitals of Grade Three and Grade Two have been included to survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test by telephone.A cross-sectional study was carried out among 206 COPD outpatients to investigate their cognition to the pulmonary function test.Results The total prevalence of the hospitals with the equipment and ability to do pulmonary function tests was only 51.2%.The prevalence of the hospitals of Grade Three（79.4%）was higher than that of the hospitals of Grade Two（24.2%）.In 206 COPD patients,100 cases（48.5%）had been provided with pulmonary function test,53 cases（25.73%）had been diagnosed as COPD in the past.The patients diagnosed as COPD accounted for 33.8% of all chronic bronchitis patients surveyed.The span during the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and the definitive diagnosis of COPD was 11.79±10.96 years.Conclusion The prevalence of pulmonary function test in Liaoning province is relatively low,especially in the comprehensive hospitals of Grade Two.Few chronic bronchitis patients received pulmonary function test.Thus the time span from the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis to definitive diagnosis of COPD is long as well.

Objective To study the effects of motor imagery therapy on functional performance of upper ex- tremity in stroke patients.Methods Sixty cases of stroke were divided into a treatment group(n=30) and a con- trol group(n=30).The control group was treated with routine rehabilitation training,while the treatment group was treated with motor imagery therapy in addition to the routine rehabilitation training.The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA),upper extremity function test(UEFT)and simple test for evaluating hand function(STEF)were used to as- sess the upper extremity function before and after six months of treatment.Results After treatment,patients in both groups scored significantly better with the FMA scales,UEFT scales and STEF scales when compared to their scores obtained before the treatment(P

This study was to examine the mechanism of oleanolic acid (OA) induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. MTT and trypan blue exclusion test assay were adopted to detect the proliferate status of cells treated with OA. We assayed the cell cycle by flow cytometry using PI staining. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC staining and PI labeling. The expressions of cycle related proteins and apoptotic related proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. OA strongly inhibited human hepatoma cells proliferation. When Bel-7402 cells were pretreated with OA for 24 h, OA induced apoptosis and G₂/M phase cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. Analysis of the cell cycle regulatory proteins demonstrated that OA decreased the protein levels of cyclin B1, but increased the protein levels of p-Cdk1 (Tyr15) and p-Cdc25C (Ser 216). Moreover, OA modulated the phosphorylation of protein kinases Chk1 and p2l. Western blotting assay also showed significant decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression and increase of Bax protein expression, the cytosol Cyt c level, cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 activity. These data suggest that OA produces anti-tumor effect via induction of G₂/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Oleanolic Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in the neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin on PC12 cells.

METHODThe paeoniflorin group (5, 10, 20 μmol · L(-1)) was pretreated for 30 min, and then added with Aβ25-35 (20 μmol · L(-1)) for interaction for 24 h. Inhibitor LY294002 (10 μmol · L(-1)) was pretreated for 30 min before the action of paeoniflorin (10 μmol · L(-1)). The MTT colorimetric method was used to detect the cell viability. The apoptosis rate was tested by the FITC-Annexin V/PI staining. The protein expression of p-AKT, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blot analysis.

RESULTPaeoniflorin could significantly inhibit the Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell toxicity and apoptosis. Its protection effect may be achieved by up- regulating AKT phosphorylation level, increasing Bcl-2 protein expression, reducing Bax protein expression, inhibiting the activation of caspase-3. Inhibitor LY294002 could weaken the above protective effects of paeoniflorin.

CONCLUSIONPaeoniflorin could activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to protect the PC12 cell injury induced by Aβ25-35.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Carcinoma ; complications ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; complications

Boronic Acids ; adverse effects ; Bortezomib ; Humans ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Pyrazines ; adverse effects

0.05).Conclusions RFA treatment of PHC patients does not lead to hematogenous tumor dissemination.