In order to overcome the problems existing in traditional teaching of elemental chemistry experiment,a series of reformations including teaching method have been carried out,and good results have been achieved.

The gamma-cyclodextrin-folate (gamma-CD/FA) inclusion-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with folate-receptor (FR) targeted were synthesized by simple and convenient sonochemical method. The products were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), utraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-vis), fluorescence spectrum and transmission electron micrographs (TEM). The results showed that the gamma-CD/FA-coated CdSe/ZnS QDs not only have good monodispersity and smaller size, but also have good optical performance, such as higher quantum yield (QY) and a long fluorescence lifetime. The cytotoxicity experiments showed that the gamma-CD/FA-coated CdSe/ZnS QDs have lower cytotoxicity and could more effectively enter cancer cells with FR over-expression. The QDs with 4-5 nm in diameter were relatively easy to enter the cell and to be removed through kidneys, so it is more suitable for biomedical applications for bioprobes and bioimaging.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and liver toxicity of chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLMs). METHODS:126 CLMs patients were selected and randomly divided into chemotherapy group(54 cases)and combination group(72 cases). Chemotherapy group received FOLFOXIRI regimen:irinotecan 165 mg/m2+oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2+calcium folinate 200 mg/m2+fluorouracil 2 g. Combination group was additionally given bevaci-zumab 5 mg/kg one day before chemotherapy on the basis of FOLFOXIRI regimen. A treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 2 weeks,and both received 12 courses of treatment. The pathological response,survival rate and toxic reactions caused by chemother-apy were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Pathological complete response proportion,tumor remission rating(TRG),the proportion of patients with tumor necrosis rate ≥50% in combination group were significantly higher than chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). The proportion of TRG4-5,TRG 1-3 progression-free survival in combination group were significantly higher than chemotherapy group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of liver parenchymal necrosis in combination group was significantlg higher than chemotherapy group,there was statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab can improve pathological response and the incidence of CLMs necrosis and doesn't increase liver toxicity.

In China,there are no standard and good modes for the chemistry courses taught in English for the international medical students.On the basis of the experience achieved in teaching the chemistry courses for overseas students,with the intenti on of the science development,the system of chemistry courses with Chinese characteristic has been programmed.

Two compositions, a sterol mixture and a pure ceramide, were isolated from the extract of a tunicate,Styela.canopus, collected from the Dayawan Bay, Guangdong. The sterols were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and their structure was confimed by spectroscopic analysis. The ceramide was identified by spectroscopic analysis. The contents of sterols and the ceramide in the extract were 12% and 0.3% respectively.This was also the first report about the chemical constituents of Sytela. canopus.

A series of quinoline-polyamine conjugates (8a-8n) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs). Some of these compounds had potent ChEs inhibitory activity with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compound 8n exhibited the strongest inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 8.78 micromol x L(-1), and compound 8i showed the most potent inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 value of 1.60 micromol x L(-1) which was slightly better than rivastigmine. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the chain length of polyamine and linker played important roles for inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies showed that 8i targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of cholinesterases.

There are some existing problems in controlling the quality of oxygen. In order to improve quality, efficiency and safety in the use of oxygen, we presented some factors which may give rise to variations in concentration of oxygen and proposed some suggestions based on the investigation and analysis of such problems.
Equipment and Supplies ; Oxygen

Objective To analyze the drug resistance in clinical isolates of Serratiamarcescens of conventional treatment and carbapenemases,guiding the clinical rational drug use.Methods 106 strains of Serratiamarcescens from 2009~2012 year the clinical isolation,K-B disk diffusion susceptibility test,the modified Hodge method for screening the carbapenemase, Whonet statistical analysis.Results Serratia marcescens in sputum,secretions,swallow swab,urine samples were isolated 89 strains (84.1%),4 strains (3.8%),3 strains (2.8%)and 3 strains (2.8%).Serratiamarcescens resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin rate more than 90%,to aztreonam,cefepime,ceftazidime,piperacillin/tazobactam and Cefoperazone/sulbactam, drug resistance rate was 10%~22%,to amikacin,ciprofloxacin and imipenem were lower than 10%.Imipenem the resistant strains in 4 strains,the modified Hodge test positive 3 strains,the positive rate was 2.8%.Conclusion Serratiamarcescens extensively drug-resistant strains,the resistant mechanism is very complex,the institute has appeared carbapenemase produ-cing strains,clinicians should be based on the drug sensitivity test results.

The inclusion compound of amylose and salicylic acid (SA) was prepared by a sealed temperature control method, and the formation of the inclusion compound was confirmed by IR spectrum and powder X-ray diffraction. The kinetic parameters of dissociation of amylose/SA compound were studied by the nonisothermal method which was defined as a relationship between the dissociation ratio and time. The values of activation energy (Ea) and frequency factors (InA) were calculated by a nonlinear least-square method. In this study, the formation of the inclusion compound of amylose/SA was confirmed by IR spectrum powder X-ray diffraction. SA existed in a molecule form in the spiral stouction of amylose. The dissociation of amylose/SA compound was attributed to first order reaction. The values of Ea calculated by the nor-isothermal method were 21.71 and 22.41 kJ x mol(-1) at heating rate 5 and 10 degrees C x h(-1), respectively. The corresponding isothermal method value of Ea was 22.17 kJ x mol(-1); the calculated InA values were 9.32 and 10.08 at heating rate 5 and 10 degrees C x h(-1), respectively. The corresponding isothermal method lnA value was 9.26. The results were in good agreement with Ea values and lnA values by isothermal method. These results indicated that the non-isothermal method described in this study could be adequately used for the stability study of inclusion compound and was a rapid and accurate method for the determination of kinetic parameters.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for developing effective interventions to self-medication and promoting reason-able self-medication. METHODS:Questionnaires were designed based on the modified Anderson's behavioral model of health ser-vices. By using cluster sampling,residents were randomly selected from 4 districts of Wuhan city to analyze the self-medication be-havior and its influential factors. RESULTS:Totally 204 questionnaires were sent and 199 were recovered with effective rate of 97.5%. The result showed 47.7% residents who perceived discomfort within 2 weeks medicated themselves,and the rate was high-er thansee the doctor. Among self-medication residents,the rate of mild disease,general and serious disease was separately 50.5%,46.3% and 3.2%. The length of illness<7 d and the length of illness ≥7 d accounted for 95.8% and 4.2%,separately. Cold and cough was the highest cost disease for self-medication. The reasons for selecting self-medication were:no need tosee the doctor(43.2%),trouble-saving(23.1%),high medical costs(14.6%),no time to see the doctor(14.6%). 54.1% residents acquired basic medication knowledge from the past experience,25.5% from other's recommendation,and the other from the inter-net,newspaper and magazines. As for the effect of self-medication in the past one year,75.4% residents considered most were ef-fective. 18.6%had suffered from ADR due to self-medication;the incidence of ADR in the residents reading the instruction was sig-nificantly lower than those not reading the instruction(P<0.05);the ratio of reading the instruction in residents with low education level was significantly lower than that with high education level(P<0.05). Single factor analysis showed that residents'choice of self-medication were significantly influenced by the marital status,education,monthly income,medicare,accessibility of medical institutions,the severity of disease and duration of illness(P<0.05). The proportion of self-medication for married group was sig-nificantly higher than unmarried group;the proportion of self-medication for low education level group was significantly higher than high education level group;the proportion of self-medication for low monthly income group was significantly higher than high monthly income group;the proportion of self-medication for group with business medical insurance or self payment was significant-close to medical institutions;the proportion of self-medication for mild disease group was significantly higher than serious disease group;the proportion of self-medication for length of disease≥7 d was significantly lower than length of disease<7 d. Results of multivariate analysis showed that severity of disease and length of disease were the important influential factors for the choice of self-medication(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Self-medication is common in Wuhan city,and mainly for general and chronic dis-ease. Residents don't pay enough attention to reading the drug instructions. Self-medication is affected by various factors which has a certain health risks.