Asthma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Breath Tests ; Child ; Exhalation ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Severity of Illness Index

Primary endocrine therapy (PET) is often included as a treatment option in elderly women with operable breast cancer. Elderly women tend to have pre-existing comorbidities and are often reluctant to undergo surgery. The benefit of surgery needs to be weighed against a relatively higher potential for operative morbidity and mortality, and a limited life expectancy. But while PET can provide relatively good locoregional control, it is not curative in nature and the possibility of local complications and metastasis remains. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of PET in a series of 19 elderly women, older than 70 years of age, who had presented with operable non-metastatic breast cancer. Only about a third of these women were deemed medically unfit for surgery; the rest had declined surgery. Compliance was an issue, with almost half of these patients defaulting treatment and follow-up. Local control was achieved in most patients, but disease progression did occur in 5 patients. Three of these patients received additional treatment; which included surgery in 1 patient. PET should therefore not be considered an equivalent alternative to surgery in elderly women who were fi t to undergo surgery. However, having observed that only 1 of the 6 deaths in our study was related to breast cancer, PET does have a role in women whose life expectancy is more likely to be limited by coexisting morbidities than the breast cancer itself.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients who underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 106 DCIS patients who underwent surgery followed by postoperative RT between 1994 and 2006. Ninety-four patients underwent breast-conserving surgery, and mastectomy was performed in 12 patients due to extensive DCIS. Postoperative RT was delivered to whole breast with 50.4 Gy/28 fx. Tumor bed boost was offered to 7 patients (6.6%). Patients with hormonal receptor-positive tumors were treated with hormonal therapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 83.4 months (range, 33.4 to 191.5 months) and the median age was 47.8 years. Ten patients (9.4%) had resection margin <1 mm and high-grade and estrogen receptor-negative tumors were observed in 39 (36.8%) and 20 (18.9%) patients, respectively. The 7-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)-free survival rate was 95.3%. Resection margin (<1 or > or =1 mm) was the significant prognostic factor for IBTR in univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Postoperative RT for DCIS can achieve favorable treatment outcome. Resection margin was the important prognostic factor for IBTR in the DCIS patients who underwent postoperative RT.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome*

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relationship between individual allergens with current wheezing and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in schoolchildren from three chinese cities: Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. METHODS Community-based random samples of 10-yr-old schoolchildren from the 3 cities were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. The subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10,902), skin-prick tests (n = 3478), and methacholine challenge tests (n = 608). RESULTS The highest prevalence rates of wheezing in the past 12 months (Beijing, 3.8%; Guangzhou, 3.4%; Hong Kong, 5.8%) and atopy (Beijing, 23.9%; Guangzhou, 30.8%; Hong Kong, 41.2%, defined as having Allergens ; classification ; immunology ; Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; immunology ; Child ; China ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Skin Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the environmental lifestyle risk factors which may explain the disparity of asthma prevalence in the Chinese population.

METHODSIn a cross-sectional study, 10 902 schoolchildren were recruited from Hong Kong (n = 3110), Beijing (n = 4277), and Guangzhou (n = 3565) using the ISAAC Phase II protocol. The average age of the children among three cities was 10.1-10.4 years and 50%-53% were male. Each subject was given an ISAAC Phase II questionnaire to be completed by the parents or guardians. Random subgroups of at least 1000 children from each city, added up to 3479 children underwent skin-prick testing. The sensitivity to eight common aeroallergens was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the environmental and lifestyle risk factors for asthma and atopy.

RESULTSThe prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months (Hong Kong, 5.8%; Beijing, 3.8%; Guangzhou, 3.4%) was significantly higher in schoolchildren from Hong Kong than that from the Mainland of China (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.35-1.99). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of gas cooking (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.32-3.26), foam pillow (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.19-3.16), and house dampness (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.25-2.71) were significant risk factors for "current wheezing". The use of cotton quilt (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.87), breast-feeding (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.96), and attendance of daycare (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.88) were protective factors against "current wheezing". When a summary measure of these variables was introduced into a regression model, the Mainland residency was no longer associated with "current asthma" or "current wheezing" suggesting that either these factors or other unmeasured factors associated with above factors are responsible for the lower prevalence of asthma in the Mainland of China.

CONCLUSIONSeveral environmental and lifestyle factors represented characteristic of life in Mainland of China, including breast feeding, attendance of daycare, use of cotton quilt, use of pillow other than foam pillow, use of cooking fuel other than gas, and the absence of damp spots on the walls or ceiling, were the significant risk factors contributed to the disparity of asthma prevalence in children from Hong Kong and the Mainland of China.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Hong Kong ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Skin Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To study the prevalence and characteristics of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 0-5 years, in 2010-2013. Methods: Data was from the'China Nutrition and Health Surveillance-0-5-Years-Old Children and Lactating Women'project in 2013. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 55 districts/counties from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) with the sample size of children as 32 862. Definition of overweight and obesity were according to both the WHO 2006 growth standard in children less than 5-year-old and the WHO 2007 growth reference in children of 5-years-old. Results: were calculated by complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was 8.4% among the 0-5-year-old in 2013, with 9.4% in boys and 7.2% in girls. Both of the rates from urban and rural areas were the same, as 8.4%. The prevalence rates of overweight in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups appeared as 13.0%, 11.1%, 8.3%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 3.9% and 15.9%, respectively. The rates of overweight in low, medium and high income families were 8.0%, 8.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% among the 0-5-year-old, with 3.6% in boys and 2.5% in girls. There was no significant difference seen in urban (3.3%) and rural areas (2.9%). The prevalence rates for obesity in the 0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60-71 months age groups were 5.8%, 3.8%, 2.5%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 1.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The rates of obesity in low, medium and high income families were 2.8%, 3.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of both overweight and obesity were increasing among the 0-5-year-olds in China, suggesting that it is necessary to timely conduct the surveillance and intervention programs on overweight and obesity in this target population.
Adolescent ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity/ethnology* ; Overweight/ethnology* ; Prevalence

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atherectomy, Coronary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Background: Korea is no longer safe from the risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL); the first reported case was a Korean woman in her 40s who had a 7-year-history of receiving an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty using a textured implant. We conducted this study to discuss the emerging crisis of stakeholders in implant-based augmentation mammaplasty and to propose a multi-disciplinary approach to early detection of its complications. Methods: We analyzed medical examination data that was collected from patients who visited us between August 12 and September 27, 2019. We evaluated a total of 114 women (n = 114) in the current study. They were evaluated for whether they were in healthy condition. Moreover, their baseline characteristics were also examined; these included age, gender, height (cm), weight (kg), duration since surgery (years), possession of a breast implant card, the site of surgical incision, side of symptoms and reasons for outpatient visit. Furthermore, the patients were also evaluated for their subjective awareness of the manufacturer, surface and shape of the breast implant. Potential complications include malrotation, folding, seroma, capsule thickening, upside-down rotation, rupture, capsule mass and breast mass. Results: A majority of the patients had a past history of receiving textured implants. The corresponding percentage was 78.95% (90/114) and 85.09% (97/114) based on their subjective awareness of a breast implant and sonographic findings, respectively. That is, it was slightly increased with the use of a breast ultrasound. Conclusion Here, we propose the following approaches. First, patient data should be prospectively collected. By tracking outcomes and complications of an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty, both high-quality care and patient safety can be ensured. Second, stakeholders in implant-based augmentation mammaplasty should collaborate with customers and regulatory authorities. Third, surgeons should consider applying imaging modalities for early detection of postoperative complications.

It has shown that vasoconstriction in the cavernosal circulation is mediated by the RhoA/Rho-kinase calcium sensitization pathway. Inhibition of Rho-kinase activity in cavernosal smooth muscle with Y-27632 resulted in an erectile response marked by elevated intracavernosal pressure (ICP) without a significant change in men arterial pressure (MAP). To explain how erection can occurred in the presence of this strong vasoconstrictive signal, we have hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) induces vasodilation leading to erection by directly inhibiting activity of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, thereby reducing vasoconstriction. Administration of Y-27632 restored erectile function in rat models of hypogonadism and hypertension, suggesting that Rho-kinase inhibition may have potential clinical value. In addition, our results show that topical application of Y-27632 may be an effective mode of treatment for erectile dysfunction.
Amides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erectile Dysfunction ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle Relaxants, Central ; pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; rho-Associated Kinases ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality control standard for Xueyakang capsule.

METHODRadix Rehmanniae, Cacumen Platycladi, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Folium Nelumbinis were identified by TLC, and the content of quercitrin was determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe TLC sports developed was fairly clear, the HPLC method showed good repeatability, and the average recovery of quercitrin was 100.7% with RSD 2.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and can effectively control quality of Xueyakang capsule.

Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Rehmannia ; chemistry