Study was carried out on 117 allergic rhinitis officials, workers (included 99 direct workers, 18 indirect officials), of Garment Manufactory No.369 of Thai Binh province in November 2004 to investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and influence of working conditions on the disease. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: exposed group included direct workers at workshops, having at least 12 months experience; control group included administrative officials, without history of occupational contact as exposed group. The results: the morbidity of sore-throat disease in workers was 54.7%, in which workers at packing feather section accounted a highest rate (61.9%). Working at packing feather and tailoring sections had a very high rate of allergic rhinitis (over 40%), these were 2 risk factors, which statistical increased the morbidity.
Rhinitis ; Epidemiology

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.