To investigate the relationship between peripheral retinal degeneration and axial length, we conducted a clinical study on 254 subjectives (508 eyes) whose age lie between 19-25 years and who had no other ocular disease nor any previous eye surgery. Axial length was measured with A-scan ultrasonography and retinal periphery was inspected by 360 degrees biomicroscopic examination with Goldmann three-mirror lens. The recorded degenerative peripheral retinal lesions were; lattice degeneration, pigmentary degeneration, cystoid degeneration, white without pressure, retinal hole or tears, retinal detachment, posterior vitreous detachment. The statistical analysis was done by using the chi-square test. The mean axial length was 24.01 +/- 1.08mm with a range of 21.8 to 27.9mm. The overall prevalence of the peripheral retinal degenerations increased as axial length did. Specially, that of pigmentary, cystoid, lattice degeneration was significantly related with long axial length individually for each lesion(p<0.01). However, there was a significantly greater percentage(53.37%) of all lesions in 23.0 - 24.9mm axial length group. These results suggest that the frequency of peripheral retinal degeneration increased with axial length but there was a posibility that the peripheral retinal degenerative lesions can be found in eyes of the mean and the shorter axial length.
Prevalence ; Retinal Degeneration* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ultrasonography ; Vitreous Detachment

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in detecting retinal detachment in vitreous hemorrhage (V-HEMO). METHODS: A chart review of 81 patients (86 eyes) who have undergone pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of V-HEMO between June 1996 and June 2004 was done. RESULTS: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhaging was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (39 eyes, 45.3%), followed by ocular trauma (22 eyes, 25.6%). the correct anatomic position of the retina was identified with US in 72 of 86 eyes (83.7%), with eight false positives (9.3%) and six false negatives(7.9%). The sensitivity of US was calculated as 73% and specificity was 88%. US within the PDR group correctly identified 29 of 39 eyes (74.4%), and had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 81%. US within the non-PDR group correctly identified 43 of 47 eyes (91.5%), and had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: It has been reported that US is an effective diagnostic tool in patients with media opacity, however physicians should bear in mind that US can be unreliable in some patients with PDR. Thus, caution is warranted in making diagnoses and determining the appropriated surgical procedure.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

We analyzed 33 patients (39 eyes) who were surgically diagnosed as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) with standardized B-scan ultrasonography. The eyes were evaluated for vitreous stalk or membrane, retrolental proliferation, retinal fold, vitreous opacity, and retinal detachment (64.1 %, 48.7 %, 15.4 %, 15.4 %, and 5.1 %, respectively) with the results. We classified these findings of PHPV into 5 types as follows, type 1: simple retinal fold or preretinal fold alone; type 2: retrolental proliferation alone; type 3: vitreous stalk or membrane; type 4: retrolental proliferation connected with vitreous stalk or membrane; type 5: complicated retinal detachment. The incidence of these types were 15.4%, 15.4%, 28.2 %, 33.3 %, and 5.1 %, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings would be used as a useful parameters to evaluate, document, and plan the management in PHPV.
Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Ultrasonography

Numerous eye diseases have been examined by means of time-amplitude ultrasonography for a period of more than ten years. A diagnostic ultrasonic examination is of great help in the following pathologic conditions: intraocular foreign body, retinal detachment, vitreous opacities, melanoma of the choroid, retrolental fibrorlasia, as well as in dermoid cysts and abscesses of the anterior orbit, etc. In my investigations, I have reeently also used the EKOLINE 20 ultrasonic equipment and frequencies of 6 to 11 Mc. Time-amplitude ultrasonography were performed on 7 cases (orbital tumor, 2 cases of intraocular foreign body, retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage, eale's disease, intraocular tumor and vitreous hemorrhage). In addition to a brief review of literature, Time-amplitude ultrasonography findings of 7 cases of ocular diseases have been reported.
Abscess ; Choroid ; Dermoid Cyst ; Eye Diseases ; Foreign Bodies ; Melanoma ; Orbit ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

Forty three eyes with vitreous hemorrhage caused by branch retinal vein occlusion had been underwent pars plana vitrectomy and followed-up over 6 months. The eyes were classified into 4 groups according to intraoperative fundus findings-group 1; vitreous hemorrhage only, group 2; vitreous hemorrhage with fibrovascular proliferation, group 3; vitreous hemorrhage with traction retinal detachments, group 4; vitreous hemorrhage with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Analysis was focused on the clinical characteristics and postoperative outcome in each group. The durations of vitreous hemorrhage were longer significantly in group 2 and group 3. The vision improved postoperatively in 35 of 43 eyes(81.3%). The percentage of postoperative visual improvements was 100%(18 of 18 eyes) in group 1, 85.7%(12 of 14 eyes) in group 2, 66.6%(4 of 6 eyes) in group 3, and 20$(1 of 5 eyes) in group 4. The preoperative ultrasono-graphic findings of retinal status were accorded with intraoperative retinal findings in 74.4% of eyes.
Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical utility of contrast-enhanced color Doppler US in the differentiation of retinal detachment (RD) from vitreous membrane (VM) with that of various conventional US modalities, and to analyze the enhancement patterns in cases showing an enhancement effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 32 eyes examined over a recent two-year period, RD (n=14) and VM (n=18) were confirmed by surgery (n=28) or clinical follow-up (n=4). In all cases, gray-scale, color Doppler, and power Doppler US were performed prior to contrast injection, and after the intravenous injection of Levovist (Schering, Berlin) by hand for 30 seconds at a dose of 2.5 g and a concentration of 300 mg/mL via an antecubital vein, contrast-enhanced color Doppler US was performed. At Doppler US, the diagnostic criterion for RD and VM was whether or not color signals were visualized in membranous structures. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy was 78% at gray-scale US, 81% at color Doppler US, 59% at power Doppler US, and 97% at contrast-enhanced color Doppler US. The sensitivity of color Doppler US to color signals in RD increased from 57% to 93% after contrast enhancement. The enhancement patterns observed were signal accentuation (n=3), signal extension (n=2), signal addition (n=3), and new signal visualization (n=5). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced color Doppler US was the most accurate US modality for differentiating RD from VM, showing a significantly increased signal detection rate in RD.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Comparative Study ; *Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Human ; Image Enhancement ; Male ; Middle Age ; Polysaccharides/administration & dosage/*diagnostic use ; Retinal Detachment/*ultrasonography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/*methods ; Vitreous Detachment/*ultrasonography

PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated and analyzed the causes and prognosis of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage except direct ocular trauma and diabetic retinopathy-induced vitreous hemorrhage confirmed after therapeutic vitrectomy. METHODS: The present study included Non-traumatic, non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital from March 2010 to December 2013 and were followed up for more than 1 year. Past history, preoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure were evaluated postoperatively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients (157 eyes) were included in the study. Common causes of vitreous hemorrhage were branch retinal vein occlusion, retinal tear and age-related macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration and central retinal vein occlusion patients showed a poor visual prognosis. Lattice retinal degeneration or retinal tear in the opposite eye was observed in 27 patients and therefore, barrier laser was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage was retinal vein occlusion. Visual prognosis varied depending on the cause of disease, but significant vision improvement can be expected if the macula is not involved. Additionally, in some patients without evidence of retinal detachment on ultrasound, a possible retinal tear accompanied by localized retinal detachment should be considered.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Degeneration ; Prognosis ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*