The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal recipe of rice cookies with two different amounts of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and grape seed oil, using a central composite design (CCD). In addition, mixing conditions of rice cookies were optimized by sensory evaluation and mechanical and physicochemical analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was used to obtain 10 experimental points (including two replicates of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and Grape seed oil), and the formulation of Stevia rebaudiana leaf added rice cookies was optimized using rheology. The results of mechanical and physicochemical analysis showed significant values for lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, sweetness, moisture, pH, and density (P<0.001), results of the sensory evaluation showed significant values for color, flavor, taste, texture, appearance, and overall quality (P<0.05). As a results, optimal sensory ratio was found to be 1.98 g of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and 37.94 g of Grape seed oil.
Hardness ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Rheology ; Stevia* ; Vitis

The instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. To understand the instability, the investigation of anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera, as a model system, has been initiated in our laboratory. Suspension culture of a relatively homogeneous cell line E of V. vinifera, was established by long-term cell line selection by anthocyanin content differentiation. The aggregate size of E was smaller than that of other cell lines obtained by routine screening method. The variation coefficients of anthocyanin content in suspension cultures of E were 8.7% in long-term subcultures and 5% in repeated flasks, respectively. The effects of elicitor, precursor feeding and light irridiation on biomass and anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of E had been investigated and the results showed that all the variation coefficients were lower than 12% and this indicated the importance of homogeneity on stable production in plant cell culture. With the combination treatment of 30micromol/L phenylalanine and 218micromol/L methyl jasmonate in the dark in suspension cultures of E, the anthocyanin content and production in suspension culture of E was 5.89-fold and 4.30-fold of the controls, respectively, and all the variation coefficients of biomass and anthocyanin accumulation were lower than those of the controls in 5 successive subcultures.
Anthocyanins ; biosynthesis ; Biomass ; Cell Proliferation ; Light ; Suspensions ; Vitis ; cytology ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis has been investigated by many dermatologist, who has Identified 9 species, specific in Korea among the 43 world-wide species. Two isolates of Trichophuyton (T.) genus common in Korea are Trichophyton (T.) rubrum and T. verrucosum bas been identified for the first time in Korea in 1986 and bas been increasing in unmber of reported cases. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we try to classify the subtype of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum, as well as to identifiy the invasion of new so far, unidentified species with similar morphology. METHOD: Forty strains of T. rubrum, 40 strains of T. mentagrophytes and 30 strains of T. verrucosum, isolated from dermatophutosis patients in Taegu area, ware examined for their characteristics, utilizing various media, hair perforation test and urease test. RESULTS: T. rubrum was classified into 5 subtypes: granular type, portowine type, diffusable pigment producing type, yellow type and non-pigmented type, according to their color and surface morphology. Portowine type showed characteristic cottony surface with portowine color on the reverse side on gross morphology and microspcopically on rare occasion macroconidia and minimal tear-drop microconidia. Granular type showed granular surface with portowine color on the reverse side, and many pencil-shaped macroconidia and abundant microconidia microscopically. Diffusable pigment-producing type showed similar findings, except for melanoid diffusible pigment on the Sabouraud media. Yellow type showed a cottony surface and yellow color on the reverse side. Microscipically, findings were the same to portowine type. Noncolored type showed no coloring on the reverse side; otherwise same as those of portowine type. All strains were negative on hair perforation test. One of 40 strains of T. rubrum showed typical gross and microscopic findings of T. rubrum, positive urease test and negative hair perforation test. All these findings suggest T. raubischeckii. This strains was identified for the first time in Korea. T. mentagrophytes was classified into 4 subtypes: granular type, powdery type, purple-red type, and cottony type, according to their color and surface morphology. Granular type showed fawn brown color with coarse granular surface grossly, and many club-shaped macroconodia and grape shaped microconidia but rare spiral hyphae microscopically Powdery type showed cream to buff colored, fine powdery surface, each colony being surrounded by mild cottony border and many club-shaped macroconodia, grape shaped microconidia and spiral hyphae microscopically. Red-purple type showed characteristic red-purple color with cottony and powdery surFace, and microconidia and spiral hyphae microscopically. Cottony type showed abundant whitish cottony surface and many round microconidia microscopically. T. yerrucofum showed a very slowly growing, mountain-like appearance with shallow valley and narrow or wider skirt. Microspcopically, string-bean shaped macroconidia, a few microconidia, and many chlamydoconidia were present. All strains showed positive hair perforation. Nineteen of 30 strains showed negative urease test. All strains grew on Trichophyton media III. Twenty (65.4%) of 31 strains grew on Trichophyton media IV. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that all dermatophytes should be examined thoroughly to investigate any strain that may be brought in from foreign countries.
Arthrodermataceae ; Daegu* ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Korea* ; Tinea ; Trichophyton* ; Urease ; Vitis

Gallbladder diverticula have the appearance of hernia-like protrusions of the gallbladder wall. This disorder may not be diagnosed until surgically resected because it has no clinical significance unless there are associated diseases. Gallbladder pseudodiverticula have an acquired cause, multiple fundal lesions, an association with gallstones, internal saccular lesions without external hernia-like protrusions, and little to no smooth muscle in the gallbladder wall. We report a unique anomaly of multiple pseudodiverticula presenting with calculous cholecystitis, which was pathologically different from true diverticula and had a unique shape similar to a bunch of grapes and a septation infilling pattern on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
Cholangiography ; Cholecystitis ; Diverticulum ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Muscle, Smooth ; Vitis

Two species, Penicillium adametzioides and Purpureocillium lilacinum, were isolated from decayed grapes (cv. Cheongsoo) in Korea. Each species was initially identified by phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of two genes. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin (BT2) genes were used for identification of Penicillium adametzioides, and ITS and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) genes were used for identification of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Morphologically, they were found to be identical to previous descriptions. The two species presented here have not been previously reported in Korea.
Fruit ; Korea ; Penicillium ; Peptide Elongation Factors ; Tubulin ; Vitis

Vitis hybrid (Sheridan)-Robus coreanus red wine was vinified by fermentation of a mixture of Vitis hybrid and Robus coreanus must at 25degrees C for 10 days. The Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine had ethanol contents of 10.9%. It had high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 57.8% and antioxidant activity of 64.8%. Changes in the physicochemical properties and functionality of the Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine was investigated during a post-fermentation period of three months. The ACE inhibitory activity of the red wine increased as the post-fermentation period prolonged, and showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 70.4% 60 days post-fermentation. However, the antioxidant activity declined significantly to 47.2% during the post-fermentation period of 60 days. In terms of sensory evaluation, the Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine had the best acceptability 60 days post-fermentation.
Chimera ; Ethanol ; Fermentation ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Saccharomyces ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Vitis ; Wine

Grape fruits with blue mold symptoms were collected from house storages in different locations in Korea and were investigated for their association with Penicillium species. A total of 12 isolates of Penicillium were isolated from the collected fruits. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics and beta-tublin gene sequence data analysis, they were identified as P. bialowiezense, P. citrinum, P. echinulatum, P. expansum, P. solitum and unidentified Penicillium species. P. solitum was the predominant followed by P. expansum. P. bialowiezense and P. echinulatum were newly recorded in Korea. beta-Tubulin gene sequences could be used to distinguish each species of Penicillium and the molecular groups were correlated well with the morphological species. The unidentified species was supposed to be a new species, not previously reported in literature.
Cultural Characteristics ; Fruit ; Fungi* ; Korea ; Penicillium* ; Statistics as Topic ; Tubulin ; Vitis*

In 2016, grape fruits showing ripe rot symptom were found in fields of Korea. The fungus was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum viniferum based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and β-tubulin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. viniferum causing grape ripe rot disease of grape fruits in Korea.
Base Sequence ; Colletotrichum* ; Fruit ; Fungi ; Korea* ; Oxidoreductases ; Vitis*

This article studied the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana. The 60% ethanol extract was eluted with 95% ethanol though HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column. 12 compounds, including (1) betulinic acid, (2)2, 2, 2'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane bis (2, 3-epoxypropyl) ether, (3) eriodictyol, (4) trans-ε-viniferin, (5) (+)-cis-ε-viniferin, (6) kobophenol A, (7) ampelopsin A, (8) nepalensinol B, (9) cis-miyabenol C, (10) cis-vitisin B, (11) cis-gnetin H and (12) (+)-hopeaphenol, were separated by using normal phase silica gel, ODS, Sephdadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative or preparative HPLC. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 were separated from the genus Vitis for the first time and compounds 3, 7, 12 were separated from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana for the first time. At a concentration of 50 μmol · L(-1), compound 6, 7 and 11 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with the inhibition rate of 66.58%, 57.16%, 52.84%, respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Vitis ; chemistry

Taking application of some isolation and purification technologies, including crushing, solvent extraction, preliminary solvent isolation, column chromatographies over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel and preparative HPLC, 8 compounds were obtained from the seeds of Jufeng grape sourced from market. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values as Catechin (1), Epicatechin (2), quercetin (3), ethylgallate (4), rel-(2S, 3R) -2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3- (hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol (5), rel-(2α, 3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin (6), rel-(1R,2S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -2-(4-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2-methoxyphenoxy) propane-1,3-diol (7), and (+) -isolariciresinol (8), respectively. Compounds 5-8 were serial lignans isolated from the seeds of grape for the first time. Structurally, 5 and 6 belong in benzofuran-8,3'-neolignans, 7 in 8,4'-oxyneolignan, and 8 in 8,8' :2,7'-cyclolignan. According to in vitro activity evaluation conducted in cell model, compound 6 showed significant anti-oxidative ability, with the activity of RAW264. 7 cell superoxide dismutase being raised evidently in the test as compared with the positive anti-oxidative agents, compounds 1 and 2.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Vitis ; chemistry