Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sunlight ; Vitamin D ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the difference in serum 25(OH)D level between children with bloodstream infection and healthy children.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted among 60 children with bloodstream infection who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2013 and had positive results of two blood cultures. Meanwhile, 60 aged-matched healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as the healthy control group. Chemiluminescence was applied to measure the serum 25(OH)D level, and the constituent ratios of children with different serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe bloodstream infection group had a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than the healthy control group (P<0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly lower constituent ratios of children with normal Vitamin D level (8% vs 35%) or vitamin D insufficiency (22% vs 43%) (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly higher constituent ratios of children with vitamin D deficiency (42% vs 13%) or severely vitamin D deficiency (28% vs 8%) (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVitamin D insufficiency prevails among children, and children with bloodstream infection have a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than healthy children.

Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sepsis ; blood ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the endogenous vitamin D level and its correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in children under 7 years old.

METHODSTotally 6 838 children who visited the Growth and Development Clinic due to "growth retardation, night terrors, hyperhidrosis, and dysphoria" were enrolled in the study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured by chemiluminescence, whereas individual BMD was measured by quantitative ultrasound.

RESULTSAmong all subjects, serum 25(OH)D level was 34 ± 14 ng/mL, and the Z value of BMD was -0.49 ± 0.54. With increasing age, serum 25(OH)D level and BMD decreased gradually (P<0.01), and the detection rates for vitamin D deficiency and low BMD increased gradually (P<0.01). Compared with those with sufficient vitamin D, children with vitamin D deficiency had a significantly lower BMD (P<0.01) and a significantly higher detection rate for low BMD (P<0.01). 25-(OH)D level showed a positive linear correlation with BMD in children with vitamin D deficiency (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPreschool and school-age children have severer vitamin D deficiency than infants. Vitamin D level may be correlated with BMD within a certain range.

Bone Density ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant Chinese women.

METHODSA nested case-control study was conducted. Clinical and biochemical data were analyzed for 200 subjects with GDM and 200 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

RESULTSThe median (interquartile range) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were 22.39 (17.67, 29.38) and 25.86 (19.09, 34.88) nmol/L in the GDM and NGT groups, respectively. Rates of 25OHD deficiency or insufficiency were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the NGT group. Subjects with 25OHD levels <25 nmol/L had a 1.8-fold higher risk of GDM compared with subjects with higher vitamin D levels. In the GDM group, serum 25OHD was independently associated with HbA1c and insulin resistance after adjusting for confounding factors. In the NGT group, serum 25OHD was independently associated with fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure after adjusting for maternal age and other confounding factors.

CONCLUSION25OHD insufficiency is very common in Chinese women. Low 25OHD status may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diabetes, Gestational ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; blood ; epidemiology

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone metabolism and maintaining bone health. Recently, new evidence has revealed that vitamin D affects chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban Korean population. This study included 8,976 participants (3,587 men and 5,389 women) aged 50 yr and older. Serum 25(OH)D level was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was 59.7% and 86.5% in men and women, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased significantly with age in men, but not in women and it decreased from April to July, more prominently in men than in women. These results suggest that sun exposure, intake of vitamin D supplement, and regular physical activities is recommended in an urban Koreans, especially in women.
Aged ; Aging ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Vitamin D/*blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate vitamin D level at birth and possible influencing factors in preterm infants.

METHODSA total of 600 preterm infants were enrolled, and venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours after birth to measure the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. The effect of sex, birth weight, birth season, gestational age, mother's age, body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy, delivery mode, and complications during pregnancy on serum 25(OH)D level was analyzed.

RESULTSThe rates of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 42.0%, 38.7%, and 19.3% respectively. The preterm infants born in summer and autumn had a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D level than those born in winter (P<0.05) and a significantly lower incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency than those born in spring and winter (P<0.003). Compared with those whose mothers were aged <30 years, the infants whose mothers were aged ≥30 years had a significantly higher serum 25(OH)D level (P<0.05) and a significantly lower incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency (P<0.017). Compared with those whose mothers were overweight or had normal body weight, the infants whose mothers were obese had a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level (P<0.05) and a significantly higher incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency (P<0.006). Compared with those whose mothers had no preeclampsia, the infants whose mothers had preeclampsia during pregnancy had a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level (P<0.05) and a significantly higher incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency (P<0.017). The multivariate analysis showed that birth in winter and spring, mother's age <30 years, and early-pregnancy BMI ≥28 kg/mwere risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants. Vitamin D supplementation should be given to the preterm infants with high-risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.

Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; blood ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Male ; Seasons ; Vitamin D ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology ; etiology

Brain ; physiology ; Child ; Dyssomnias ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Sleep ; drug effects ; Vitamin D ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with tic disorders (TD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and TD.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-two children who were diagnosed with TD between November 2016 and May 2017 were enrolled as the TD group, including 8 cases of Tourette syndrome, 32 cases of chronic TD, and 92 cases of transient TD. One hundred and forty-four healthy children served as the control group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from each child. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. The categories of vitamin D status based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level included: normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (10-30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL).

RESULTSMean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the TD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the TD group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). Mean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the transient tic group was higher than in the TS group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVitamin D insufficiency or deficiency might be associated with the development of TD, and the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be related to the classification of TD.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tic Disorders ; blood ; etiology ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo examine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and ASD.

METHODSSerum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined by the HPLC-MS/MS method in 117 children with newly diagnosed ASD and 109 healthy controls. Vitamin D status were classified into normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (10-30ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL) according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

RESULTSSerum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (19±9 ng/mL)in children with ASD was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (36±13 ng/mL; P<0.01). The rate of vitamin D insufficiency plus deficiency in the ASD group was significantly higher than in the control group (89.7% vs 52.3%; P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is common in children with ASD and might be as one of the environmental or genetic factors for ASD.

Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; blood ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) has been recently documented. In this study, 280 girls diagnosed with ICPP and 188 normal puberty control girls of similar ages were enrolled and retrospectively studied. The ICPP group had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels than the control group. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was found between serum 25[OH]D and ICPP, and a cut-off point for serum 25[OH]D was found at 31.8 ng/ml for ICPP with and without adjusting the different confounding factors. Girls with serum 25[OH]D ≥ 31.8 ng/ml had a lower odds ratio (unadjusted: OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.83, P < 0.05; height and weight adjusted: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.08, P = 0.072; BMI adjusted: OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.84, P < 0.05). The ICPP subjects with 25[OH]D deficiency had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the subjects from the two other subgroups. Correlation analysis showed that vitamin D level is correlated with BMI and some metabolic parameters in the ICPP group. Our study suggested that vitamin D status may be associated with ICPP risk and may have a threshold effect on ICPP.
Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Puberty, Precocious ; blood ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; epidemiology