Pheochromocytoma is the cause of hypertension in 0.1% of the hypertencive patits, and in 10% of these cases, the tumor is bilateral. Therefore bilateral pheochromocytoma is very rare. The following is a report of the anesthetic methods employed in the surgical management of a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma which was performed in stages at PNUH, between June 4th and June 12, 1986. The staged operation reduced the instability of the vital signs caused by concurrent manipulation of the bilateral pheochromoytoma and facilitated tumor removal.
Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

Pheochromocytoma is the cause of hypertension in 0.1% of the hypertencive patits, and in 10% of these cases, the tumor is bilateral. Therefore bilateral pheochromocytoma is very rare. The following is a report of the anesthetic methods employed in the surgical management of a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma which was performed in stages at PNUH, between June 4th and June 12, 1986. The staged operation reduced the instability of the vital signs caused by concurrent manipulation of the bilateral pheochromoytoma and facilitated tumor removal.
Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

The hypnotic activity of diazepam was compared with that of inactive placebo in a double- blind, randomized study in 40 surgical patients the night before their scheduled procedures. Diazepam per os (10mg) produces a pattern of response that differed markedly from that of the placebo. The patient receiving diazepam fell asleep sooner, slept more soundly and steadily and more felt they had been helped to sleep, while fewer awoke during the night. The significant difference Was obtained in both hypnotic and ataractic effects between diazepam and inactive placebo. Neither diaxepam nor inactive placbo caused marked changes in vital signs or any serious side effects.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For proper sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), propofol has been widely used. This study aimed to compare the levels of sedation and tolerance of patients treated with midazolam (M group) and a combination of midazolam and propofol (MP group) during ESD. METHODS: A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing ESD were randomly assigned to the two groups. In the M group, 2 mg of midazolam was given repeatedly to maintain after a loading dose of 5 mg. The MP group initially received 5 mg of midazolam and 20 mg of propofol. Then, we increased the dosage of propofol by 20 mg gradually. RESULTS: The average amount of midazolam was 12 mg in the M group. In the M group, 10 patients were given propofol additionally, since they failed to achieve proper sedation. The average amount of propofol was 181 mg in the MP group. Procedure time, vital signs and rates of complications were not significantly different between two groups. Movement of patients and discomfort were lower in the MP group. CONCLUSIONS: During ESD, treatment with propofol and a low dose of midazolam for sedation provides greater satisfaction for endoscopists compared to midazolam alone.
Humans ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For proper sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), propofol has been widely used. This study aimed to compare the levels of sedation and tolerance of patients treated with midazolam (M group) and a combination of midazolam and propofol (MP group) during ESD. METHODS: A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing ESD were randomly assigned to the two groups. In the M group, 2 mg of midazolam was given repeatedly to maintain after a loading dose of 5 mg. The MP group initially received 5 mg of midazolam and 20 mg of propofol. Then, we increased the dosage of propofol by 20 mg gradually. RESULTS: The average amount of midazolam was 12 mg in the M group. In the M group, 10 patients were given propofol additionally, since they failed to achieve proper sedation. The average amount of propofol was 181 mg in the MP group. Procedure time, vital signs and rates of complications were not significantly different between two groups. Movement of patients and discomfort were lower in the MP group. CONCLUSIONS: During ESD, treatment with propofol and a low dose of midazolam for sedation provides greater satisfaction for endoscopists compared to midazolam alone.
Humans ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Vital Signs

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Unicenta (UNCNT) and Melsmon in women with the menopausal symptoms, by analysing the changes in the Kupperman index (primary endpoint), and the hormonal change (secondary endpoint). METHODS: This is a randomized, multi-Center, double-Blind, parallel, non-inferiority clinical study of four different tertiary medical centers. We began the participant recruitment in September 2011, with 218 patients applied over 7 months. All participants had the last visit in April 2012. RESULTS: The Unicenta injection was not inferior to that of Melsmon as measured by the Kupperman index following the injection in both the intent-to-treat and the per-protocol populations (P = 0.63, P = 0.85, respectively). Side effects occurred in 14.0% of the cases (15 patients/18 cases) in the case group, and in 12.6% (14 patients/15 cases) in the control group (P value=0.7599). None were reported to be associated with the medication. The laboratory results and the vital signs showed no statistically significant risk for safety. CONCLUSION: The study showed that Unicenta is not inferior to Melsmon in the change of the Kupperman index after 12 days of injection. The efficacy and safety of Unicenta was shown, with the improvement of the menopausal symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Vital Signs

We report a case of left adrenal pheochromocytoma in 17-year-old girl, we observed all of vital sign were returned to normal in 19-th postoperative day
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

Hemodynamic monitoring continuously checks hemodynamic variables for problems so that the clinician can treat them when a patient's vital signs are unstable. There are many different monitoring systems, and many new technologies were developed over the past three decades. It is challenging to understand the many monitoring system in the intensive care units, for example. However, all such monitoring systems are based on the general principle of monitoring oxygen transport to a peripheral organ. In this review, from conventional to recent principles, general concepts and paradigm shifts of hemodynamic monitoring will be discussed.
Hemodynamics* ; Intensive Care Units ; Oxygen ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Propofol sedation is increasingly being used when performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of its rapid onset and good recovery profile. For achieving safe sedation during endoscopy, close monitoring of the vital signs is necessary because of the sedation's potentially serious adverse effects. There are only a few studies on the induction of sedation with using propofol for endoscopy in Korea. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adequate initial injected dose of propofol for achieving safe and effective sedation when performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Koreans. METHODS: From March 2008 to July 2008, 150 subjects who visited Kwangju Christian Hospital were randomized into 3 groups. An initial bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg of propofol was allocated to groups A, B and C, respectively. The effectiveness and safety profiles of each injected dose of propofol were prospectively assessed by measuring various parameters of the vital signs and the adverse events. RESULTS: Group C had a significantly shorter induction time and the patients in group C did not require additional injections of propofol without increasing adverse events, as compared to that of the other 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: 1.5 mg/kg of propofol was found to be more appropriate than 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg of propofol as the initial injected dose for induction of sedation during performance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Koreans.
Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Korea ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is increasing interest in the use of propofol as a sedative agent for colonoscopy. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the synergistic sedation with midazolam combined with low-dose propofol versus that of midazolam alone. METHODS: A total of 56 patients from among those who underwent total colonoscopy between August 2004 and October 2004 were randomly assigned to one of three medication treatment groups. Group A (n=18) received low-dose midazolam (0.03 mg/kg IV) plus propofol, group B (n=19) received high-dose midazolam (0.07 mg/kg IV) plus propofol, and group C (n=19) received high-dose midazolam alone. The patients' vital signs were monitored throughout the course of the study. The recovery time and quality as well as the patients' comfort level were also assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the treatment groups. There were also no differences in the duration and insertion time of the colonoscopy among the three groups. The patients' comfort level and cardiorespiratory parameters during colonoscopy were similar among the three groups. The sedation efficacy and recovery times were also similar among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam combined with low-dose propofol as a sedative for colonoscopy exhibits similar effects on safety, patient' comfort level and recovery time to those of midazolam alone.
Colonoscopy* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Humans ; Midazolam* ; Propofol* ; Vital Signs