The hypnotic activity of diazepam was compared with that of inactive placebo in a double- blind, randomized study in 40 surgical patients the night before their scheduled procedures. Diazepam per os (10mg) produces a pattern of response that differed markedly from that of the placebo. The patient receiving diazepam fell asleep sooner, slept more soundly and steadily and more felt they had been helped to sleep, while fewer awoke during the night. The significant difference Was obtained in both hypnotic and ataractic effects between diazepam and inactive placebo. Neither diaxepam nor inactive placbo caused marked changes in vital signs or any serious side effects.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Vital Signs

Pheochromocytoma is the cause of hypertension in 0.1% of the hypertencive patits, and in 10% of these cases, the tumor is bilateral. Therefore bilateral pheochromocytoma is very rare. The following is a report of the anesthetic methods employed in the surgical management of a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma which was performed in stages at PNUH, between June 4th and June 12, 1986. The staged operation reduced the instability of the vital signs caused by concurrent manipulation of the bilateral pheochromoytoma and facilitated tumor removal.
Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

Pheochromocytoma is the cause of hypertension in 0.1% of the hypertencive patits, and in 10% of these cases, the tumor is bilateral. Therefore bilateral pheochromocytoma is very rare. The following is a report of the anesthetic methods employed in the surgical management of a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma which was performed in stages at PNUH, between June 4th and June 12, 1986. The staged operation reduced the instability of the vital signs caused by concurrent manipulation of the bilateral pheochromoytoma and facilitated tumor removal.
Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For proper sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), propofol has been widely used. This study aimed to compare the levels of sedation and tolerance of patients treated with midazolam (M group) and a combination of midazolam and propofol (MP group) during ESD. METHODS: A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing ESD were randomly assigned to the two groups. In the M group, 2 mg of midazolam was given repeatedly to maintain after a loading dose of 5 mg. The MP group initially received 5 mg of midazolam and 20 mg of propofol. Then, we increased the dosage of propofol by 20 mg gradually. RESULTS: The average amount of midazolam was 12 mg in the M group. In the M group, 10 patients were given propofol additionally, since they failed to achieve proper sedation. The average amount of propofol was 181 mg in the MP group. Procedure time, vital signs and rates of complications were not significantly different between two groups. Movement of patients and discomfort were lower in the MP group. CONCLUSIONS: During ESD, treatment with propofol and a low dose of midazolam for sedation provides greater satisfaction for endoscopists compared to midazolam alone.
Humans ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For proper sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), propofol has been widely used. This study aimed to compare the levels of sedation and tolerance of patients treated with midazolam (M group) and a combination of midazolam and propofol (MP group) during ESD. METHODS: A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing ESD were randomly assigned to the two groups. In the M group, 2 mg of midazolam was given repeatedly to maintain after a loading dose of 5 mg. The MP group initially received 5 mg of midazolam and 20 mg of propofol. Then, we increased the dosage of propofol by 20 mg gradually. RESULTS: The average amount of midazolam was 12 mg in the M group. In the M group, 10 patients were given propofol additionally, since they failed to achieve proper sedation. The average amount of propofol was 181 mg in the MP group. Procedure time, vital signs and rates of complications were not significantly different between two groups. Movement of patients and discomfort were lower in the MP group. CONCLUSIONS: During ESD, treatment with propofol and a low dose of midazolam for sedation provides greater satisfaction for endoscopists compared to midazolam alone.
Humans ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Vital Signs

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Unicenta (UNCNT) and Melsmon in women with the menopausal symptoms, by analysing the changes in the Kupperman index (primary endpoint), and the hormonal change (secondary endpoint). METHODS: This is a randomized, multi-Center, double-Blind, parallel, non-inferiority clinical study of four different tertiary medical centers. We began the participant recruitment in September 2011, with 218 patients applied over 7 months. All participants had the last visit in April 2012. RESULTS: The Unicenta injection was not inferior to that of Melsmon as measured by the Kupperman index following the injection in both the intent-to-treat and the per-protocol populations (P = 0.63, P = 0.85, respectively). Side effects occurred in 14.0% of the cases (15 patients/18 cases) in the case group, and in 12.6% (14 patients/15 cases) in the control group (P value=0.7599). None were reported to be associated with the medication. The laboratory results and the vital signs showed no statistically significant risk for safety. CONCLUSION: The study showed that Unicenta is not inferior to Melsmon in the change of the Kupperman index after 12 days of injection. The efficacy and safety of Unicenta was shown, with the improvement of the menopausal symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Vital Signs

We report a case of left adrenal pheochromocytoma in 17-year-old girl, we observed all of vital sign were returned to normal in 19-th postoperative day
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Vital Signs

Hemodynamic monitoring continuously checks hemodynamic variables for problems so that the clinician can treat them when a patient's vital signs are unstable. There are many different monitoring systems, and many new technologies were developed over the past three decades. It is challenging to understand the many monitoring system in the intensive care units, for example. However, all such monitoring systems are based on the general principle of monitoring oxygen transport to a peripheral organ. In this review, from conventional to recent principles, general concepts and paradigm shifts of hemodynamic monitoring will be discussed.
Hemodynamics* ; Intensive Care Units ; Oxygen ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the phytoncides on serum cortisol level, vital signs and life stress of college students. METHODS: This study was nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 60(control group: 28, experimental group: 32). The phytoncides mixed the pine(pinus sylvestris) oil with the cypress(cupressus sempervirens) oil in the same rate. In the experiment, it was put in an aroma-necklace bottle and inhaled 3 times per day(9AM, at noon, before going to bed) for 2 weeks. The data were analyzed by the SPSS version 12.0 program. RESULTS: In the experimental group systolic BP(F=15.603, p=.000), diastolic BP(F=29.489, p=.000) and serum cortisol level(F=4.968, p=.000) were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: The phytoncides inhalation is a partly help to reduce college students' life stress. The phytoncides is the incense of the familial tree. We recommended to examine what differences between the green shower and the phytoncides inhalation for the stress reduction.
Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Inhalation ; Stress, Psychological ; Trees ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: Balofloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has potent, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial activity and a good safety profile during preclinical study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of balofloxacin in comparison with those of ofloxacin for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients randomly received oral balofloxacin at 100mg twice a day or oral ofloxacin at 200mg twice a day for 5 days at a ratio of 2:1. Efficacy was assessed by the eradication rate of baseline pathogens and clinical outcome of the objective disease. Safety was assessed by adverse events, changes in laboratory tests and vital signs. RESULTS: The bacteriological efficacy rate was 83.9%(99/118) in the balofloxacin group and 88.4%(61/69) in the ofloxacin group. In the equivalence test using 15% as the standard, clinically acceptable difference value of efficacy, balofloxacin was equivalent to ofloxacin [95% CI: -14.6% to 5.5%]. The bacteriological evaluation of the case whose baseline pathogen was susceptible to the study drug was 96.6%(84/87) for the balofloxacin group and 92.6%(50/54) for the ofloxacin group [95% CI: -4.0% to 11.9%], thereby demonstrating equivalence; as did the relatively high clinical success rates of 99.2% and 95.7%, respectively. The adverse event rate and the drug-related adverse event rate for the balofloxacin group was significantly lower than that of the ofloxacin group(p=0.036, 0.031). Neither unusual laboratory findings nor abnormal vital signs were reported for either group and there were no significant differences between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Twice daily administration of 100mg balofloxacin is as effective as twice daily administration of 200mg ofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. With regard to safety, balofloxacin was confirmed to be safer than ofloxacin.
Humans ; Ofloxacin* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vital Signs