The "reliability" of a subject's automated perimetric result is generally assessed by three measures: fixation loss, false positive and false negative rates. These reliability indicies were examined for 237 glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive eyes who for the first time underwent visual field testing (central 30-2 test on Humphrey visual field analyzer. Allergan Humphrey). Of the examination results, 11% of subjects were considered unreliable with the use of the manufacturer's reliability criteria. 71% of the unreliable results were due to failure to meet the criterion for fixation loss. The rest 29% were due to high false negative rates. After given reinstruction and more attention to fixation loss throughout the test by the technician, second visual field test was performed. On second examination, 82% of fixation loss and 71% of false negative rate was reduced.
Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Central 30-2 threshold tests were performed in 124 eyes of 62 normal subjects with Humphrey Field Analyzer. The average value of foveal threshold, mean deviation(MD), pattern standard deviation(PSD), shor-term fluctuation(SF) and corrected pattern standard deviation(CPSD) were 34.3+/-2.6dB, -1.96+/-1.31dB, 2.25+/-0.88dB, 1.38+/-0.52dB and 1.41+/-1.10dB, respectively. The frequency of abnormal value on automated perimetry(p<5%) was 25.5% in foveal threshold and 19.1% in MD, which was higher than fundamental data of perimetry. As the age increased, foveal threshold decreased (r=-0.729), PSD and CPSD increased (r=0.422) and 0.385, respectively) ; these are statistically significant correlations(p<0.05). This study has the limitation that test was performed on single session and had small study group. Therefore, further study is needed with comparative analysis following repeated test and larger group of visual field examination.
Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

A new method is described which uses photo-electric matrix method to measure two-dimensional eye movements. This system is composed of the detector unit (monitor), matrix and correction circuits and stimulus generator. A light and small detector unit attached to the modified trial frame transduces positional informations and can be achieved head-mounting. The instrument operates in the infrared, so that it does not interfere with normal vision, and over a two-dimensional visual field to +/-15 degrees. A system for generating a fixed target whose velocity, displacement, form, intensity, and other characteristics can be varied systematically also is described. The operating procedures are described and operating records are shown. Electrical and optical modifications of the present system will make possibIe the measurement of more smaller movement of the eye. Extensions and improvement of the technique of measurement are discussed briefly.
Eye Movements* ; Visual Fields

To evaluate the quantitative relation between the changes of visual field and optic disc in glaucoma, thirty-six patients(58 eyes) with primary glaucoma(P.O.A.G: 29 cases, P.A.C.G.; 7 cases) were enrolled in this study. Visual field defects including the central(25 degrees) and peripheral fields were examined with three different illuminations(2-9, 2-4 and clear filters) by using an automated perimeter(Autofield D, Cavitron, CA, USA) and horizontal and vertical cup/disc(C/D) ratios were traced and calculated with the disc photographs taken with a fundus camera(CF-60Z, Canon Inc, Tokyo, Japan). Each defect by using 2.9, 2.4 and clear filter of Autofield D in either the central or the peripheral visual field has the relationship of arc tangent with either the horizontal or the vertical C/D ratio. The exponential correlation was noted between the summation of the central or the peripheral visual field defect and either horizontal or vertical C/D ratio.
Glaucoma ; Visual Fields*

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Visual Fields*

Perimetric tests were performed in 32 ocular hypertensive eyes(17 patients) with the C 30-2 threshold STATPAC program of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. The global indices of 32 ocular hypertensive eyes were compared with those of 34 normal eyes(17 controls). None of 34 normal eyes had visual field sensitivity loss. However, 3 of 32 ocular hypertensive eyes, which was 9.4%, had visual field sensitivity loss beyond the 95% normal confidence limits. Of these 3 eyes, 2 eyes(1 patient) showed paracentral scotomas(CPSD, P<5%), and 1 eye showed generalized depression(MD, P<5%).
Ocular Hypertension* ; Visual Fields*

The aim of this study was to compare optic disc size obtained using the two methods Color polaroid photographs of optic disc of 130 normal subjects and 174 patients with glaucoma were evaluated by means of computeraided morphometry. In the first method, the optic disc size were calculated by applying the modified formula of an ellipse, where area=pi/4xthe horizontal diameterxthe vertical diameter. In the second method, we obtained optic disc size [] using the twelve radii that were measured every 30 degrees. Magnification effects of the eye and camera were corrected in the two methods. The measurements of the optic disc area(2.49mm2), cup area(1.01mm2) and neuroretinal rim area (1.49mm2) by the first method were significantly(P<0.003, Wilcoxon signed -rank test) different from the measurements by the second method(2.48mm2, 1.03mm2, 1.45mm2, respectively) (the average difference; 0.05+/-0.05mm2, 0.05+/-0.05mm2, 0.07+/-0.06mm2,respectively). The mean error for the neuroretinal rim area was 4.2+/-3.3% in the normal group and 7.5+/-8.5% in the glaucoma group(P=0.005). It increased with decreasing neuroretinal rim area and increasing visual field defects. Thus the magnification corrected measurements of the horizontal and vertical diameters and the modified formula of an ellipse can be used for a quick approximate estimation of the optic disc size, but cannot replace more accurate method of optic disc measurements using twelve radii.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Visual Fields

The Amsler grid has become important in the evaluation of the 10 degrees of visual field surrounding fixation. Twenty three patients(23 eyes) of macular and optic nerve lesions were surveyed with Amsler grid. Blurred vision and spot in the field were the most frequent first symptoms reported by patients. The test was simple, inexpensive and time sparing. The test was clinically very useful in detecting and following macular and optic nerve lesions.
Humans ; Optic Nerve* ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of myopic optical defocus on Humphrey Matrix 30-2 test. METHODS: Twenty-nine myopic eyes of 29 patients underwent 2 consecutive tests with the Humphrey Matrix 30-2 threshold program. The first and second tests were performed with and without correction for myopia. Differences between the mean deviation (delta MD) and the pattern standard deviation (delta PSD) were calculated, and a correlation between the spherical equivalent (SE) and delta MD and delta PSD was investigated. The influence of optical defocus according to the visual field (central and peripheral) and the severity of glaucomatous visual field damage (area with total deviation plot of 'P<0.1%' or 'P<0.5%' and the other area) were also evaluated. RESULTS: The correlation between SE and delta MD was significant (p=0.02, r=0.62). However, the correlation between SE and delta PSD was not significant (p=0.81, r=0.15). The differences in the mean total deviation printout value of the central and peripheral visual field groups between the two tests were 5.85+/-4.26dB and 5.66+/-3.56dB, respectively (P=0.86). The differences in the mean total deviation printout value of severely damaged and less damaged areas between the two tests were 3.16+/-3.39dB and 6.62+/-4.62dB, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Myopic optical defocus has a significant effect on the results of the Humphrey Matrix 30-2 test. There is no difference in the effect of myopia between the central and peripheral visual fields, and the effect is decreased in severely damaged visual fields.
Eye ; Humans ; Myopia ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Glaucoma* ; Optic Disk ; Visual Fields