PURPOSE: To assess visual acuity, spherical aberration and contrast sensitivity in patients who were implanted with spheric, aspheric ReSTOR(R) or Crystalens HD(R) lenses. METHODS: The present study enrolled 16 patients (32 eyes) implanted with biliateral spheric ReSTOR(R) (four patients, spheric ReSTOR group), bilateral aspheric ReSTOR(R) (seven patients, aspheric ReSTOR group) or bilateral Crystalens HD(R) (five patients, Crystalens HD group) lenses. At three months postoperatively, visual acuity, spherical aberration, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, there were no significant differences in uncorrected distant or intermediate visual acuity among the three groups. Uncorrected near visual acuity in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups was superior to that in the Crystalens HD group, and the aspheric ReSTOR group had less spherical aberration. Mesopic contrast sensitivity in the Crystalens HD group was significantly higher at three cycles per degree compared to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Uncorrected near visual acuity in the Crystalens HD group was inferior to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups, but the mesopic contrast sensitivity of the Crystalens HD group at three cycles per degree was superior to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

Prisms have been used as tools with which to treat and diagnose many diseases in strabismology. But, because of prismatic distortion and dispersion, the visual acuities are declined. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between prismatic effect and visual acuity degradation. Visual acuities were measured through a series of prisms of CR-39 to quantify the blur induced by prism. The mean visual acuities of myopias and amblyopias(with or without correction), and emmetropias were reduced as prism diopters were increased. The declines were linear. There was no significant difference among the declines of visual acuities of each group. Whenever to prescribe prisms and to test with prisms, we should remind that prisms could reduce visual acuities.
Emmetropia ; Myopia ; Visual Acuity*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcome and satisfaction according to postoperative refractive error in patient with cataract surgery using AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens. METHODS: According to postoperative refractive errors, 120 eyes (80 patients) were inserted the AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens and were divided into three groups respectively: 28 eyes were myopic group (-0.50 ~ -1.50D), 74 eyes were emetropic group (-0.50 ~ +0.50D) and 18 eyes were hyperopic group (+0.50 ~ +1.50D). In each group, distant vision, near vision and contrast sensitivity test were measured. Also the patients were questioned on their satisfaction. RESULTS: Three months after the operation, the distance uncorrected visions of the myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic group were 0.42 +/- 0.23, 0.73 +/- 0.22, 0.36 +/- 0.28 and the near uncorrected visions were 0.47 +/- 0.18, 0.65 +/- 0.03, 0.41 +/- 0.14 in each. There were no difference in satisfaction, contrast sensitivity and glare visual acuity between three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In cataract surgery using the AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens, we could get the best uncorrected visual acuity in emmetopic group. There were no difference in satisfaction and vision between myopic and hyperopic group. Thus, at the time of cataract operation, the multifocal intraocular lens power should be set on emmetropia in order to improve the vision and satisfaction.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Emmetropia ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Refractive Errors* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the change of contrast sensitivity under the photopic and mesopic illumination in amblyopic patient after occlusion therapy. METHODS: The subjects comprised 32 pediatric patients with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who were followed up at the clinic. We measured the best corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under the photopic and mesopic illumination using ACV instrument before and three months after occlusion therapy. RESULTS: Mean best corrected visual acuity of amblyopic eyes before occlusion therapy was 0.54 +/- 0.21. In 17 eyes with improvement in best corrected visual acuity (mean: 0.21 +/- 0.05), there was improvement in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (p<0.05). In 15 eyes without improvement in the best corrected visual acuity, there was no difference in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: From above mentioned results, we can conclude that the contrast sensitivity using ACV instrument is responsive to short term (three months) occlusion therapy for amblyopic eyes.
Amblyopia ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humans ; Lighting ; Visual Acuity

To find out the good visual environment for reading, the methods of illumination were studied using Arden Contrast Sensitivity System. Among various factors for comfortable reading condition such as air condition, temperature, humidity, noise and light, the intensity and characters of illumination were the most important factors for eye health. If the character of illuminations are fairly good, to make the brighter condition is better for eye hdalth. But in artificial illumination, there are so many limitations for supplying light of good characters. So we set the luminosity on the desk to 500 lx in which tbe best visual acuity presented, and checked the contrast sensitivity by changing the luminosity of the room. The results suggested that the condition in which luminosity on the desk was higher twice than the room was favorable for reading.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humidity ; Lighting* ; Noise ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare postoperative visual acuity, spherical equivalent and contrast sensitivity of eyes implanted with either spherical C-flex(TM)(570C) or aspheric C-flex(TM)(970C) intraocular lenses (IOL). METHODS: Forty eyes implanted with posterior chamber intraocular lenses were divided into two groups: C-flex(TM)(570C) (20 eyes) and C-flex(TM)(970C) (20 eyes). In these two groups, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (logMAR), spherical equivalent and contrast sensitivity was performed at one month and three months, postoperatively. RESULTS: In the spherical group, the preoperative naked visual acuity was 1.25+/-0.46 (logMAR). The best corrected visual acuity at postoperative three months was 0.49+/-0.28. In the aspheric group, the preoperative naked visual acuity was 1.29+/-0.67. The best-corrected visual acuity at postoperative three months was 0.39+/-0.30. There were statistically significant differences in best-corrected visual acuity between the preoperative and the postoperative three months results in the spherical IOL group and in the aspherical IOL group. There were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent between preoperative and postoperative one-month results and between preoperative and postoperative three-month results in the spherical IOL group and the aspherical IOL group. In the aspherical IOL group, contrast sensitivity at postoperative one and three months were better in the all spatial frequency than in the preoperative scotopic condition. CONCLUSIONS: When we compared eyes implanted with the spherical C-flex(TM)(970C) with eyes implanted with the spherical C-flex(TM) (570C), there were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent or best corrected visual acuity. The aspherical IOL group showed better contrast sensitivity than did the spherical IOL group postoperatively at both one month and three months.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare visual outcomes and optical quality after implantation of a bifocal (Acrysof ReSTOR® SN6AD1) or trifocal (AT LISA® tri 839MP) diffractive intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: Fifty-one eyes of 43 patients undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled and assigned to one of two groups: the trifocal group, comprising 24 eyes implanted with the trifocal diffractive IOL (AT LISA® tri 839MP), and the bifocal group, comprising 27 eyes implanted with the bifocal diffractive IOL (Acrysof ReSTOR® SN6AD1). Visual acuity (distant, intermediate, and near vision) and refractive postoperative outcomes were evaluated at one and three months postoperatively. Measurements of optical quality (using OQAS II®), contrast sensitivity (using CGT-2000®), automated visual field examination, and evaluation of defocus curve were performed three months postoperatively. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in three-month postoperative distant and near (40 cm) visual acuities and optical quality. However, intermediate (63 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm) visual acuities were significantly better in the trifocal group. Distant contrast sensitivity (5 m) under mesopic conditions was significantly better with the bifocal lens, whereas near contrast sensitivity (30 cm) under mesopic and scotopic conditions was significantly better with trifocal lens. There was no statistical difference between the groups under photopic conditions. In the defocus curve, the visual acuity was significantly better at intermediate distance in the trifocal group. CONCLUSIONS: Trifocal diffractive IOLs provide significantly better intermediate vision than bifocal IOLs, with equivalent postoperative levels of distant and near vision and ocular optical quality. Further, they provide better near contrast sensitivity under scotopic condition compared to diffractive bifocal IOLs.
Cataract* ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

To verify the changes of mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity function of sound eye whose visual acuity was kept the same after occlusion therapy in the amblyopic children. Fourteen sound eyes of amblyopic children (mean; 7.67 years; S.D., 1.50 years) who kept their visual acuity the same after the occlusion therapy were tested. The children had 6 hours of part-time patch therapy for 3 months prior to this examination. Among 14 amblyopic children, 8 were anisometric and 6 were strabismic amblyopes. Using the visual capacity analyzer which measures the minimal contrast level at from low to high spatial frequencies, the contrast sensitivity of sound eye was measured, under both photopic and mesopic condition, before and after 3 months of occlusion therapy. Comparing the contrast sensitivity of sound eye after the occlusion therapy to that before the occlusion, there was no statistical difference in photopic condition. When it comes to mesopic condition, the contrast sensitivity decreased at the intermediate spatial frequency level (3-13 c.p.d, p=0.028) after the occlusion therapy. The occlusion caused statistically significant decrease in mesopic contrast sensitivity, when the visual acuity was not changed after the occlusion therapy. It may indicate that mesopic contrast sensitivity can be considered as a useful tool for early detection of hidden occlusion amblyopia.
Amblyopia/*physiopathology/*therapy ; Child ; *Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Orthoptics ; Visual Acuity

The standard vision test using visual acuity is not always an accurate indicator of functional visual loss. The contrast sensitivity was measured in low vision patients. the contrast sensitivity of low vision patients showed a substantila decrease in all spatial frequencies(P<0.001). Of the 34 patients, the preferred eye was the eye with better peak sensitivity in 31 patients(91%) while the perferred eye was the eye with better visual acuity in 24 patients(71%). There were no characteristics of contrast sensitivity according to the diagnosis. The contributions of the contrast sensitivity function to the low vision care are evaluated.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Vision Tests ; Vision, Low* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare postoperative wavefront aberration and visual functions between aspherical Tecnis Z9003, a new acrylic aspheric intraocular lens (IOL), and spherical AcrySof SA60AT IOL. METHODS: Fifty patients (56 eyes) who underwent cataract extraction and were implanted with spherical or aspherical IOLs were randomly evaluated by wavefront analysis, including an examination of spherical aberration and higher-order aberrations using two different types of aberrometers (ray tracing and automatic retinoscope), manifested refraction, a contrast sensitivity test, and modulation transfer function (MTF), three months after surgery. RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences of spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity between the two different IOL groups. However, the aspherical IOL group showed less spherical aberration and better contrast sensitivity and MTF than the spherical IOL group. CONCLUSIONS: Tecnis Z9003 could compensate for positive spherical aberrations of the cornea and improve contrast sensitivity and MTF, thereby improving visual function.
Cataract Extraction ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Cornea ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Visual Acuity