PURPOSE: This study aimed to quantify the shift of colorimetric values in the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test with aging of the plates. METHODS: Three sets of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates with different published dates (printed in 1971, 1983 and 2001) were tested. Positions matching 32 dots with 13 colors were chosen from each set and the colorimetric values with the CIELAB and HSB/HLS color systems were measured with a spectrophotometer. Lightness (L*), red-green (a*), blue-yellow (b*), chroma, red hue, yellow hue, and green hue values from each set were compared. RESULTS: L* and chroma values were significantly higher in the older versions. The a* values shifted to red (increased a*) and the b* values shifted to yellow (increased b*) with plate aging. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the pseudoisochromatic plates had significant changes in color values and a directional shift with aging.
Color ; *Color Perception ; Color Vision Defects/*diagnosis ; *Colorimetry ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry ; Time Factors ; Vision Tests/*instrumentation

This paper presents a vision-based method for the width of NC membrane online inspection. In the production of bio-test strip, the number of antigen or antibody which is coated on the membrane depends on the width and the uniformity of test line T and control line C. People should control the width and the uniformity strictly to ensure the accuracy of lines in order to achieve quantitative inspection with high sensitivity. And online inspection must be done, it cannot be processed when the solution has been dry up. This paper gives a design of online inspection system based on linear charge-coupled device (linear CCD), it makes such advantages in terms of speed, accuracy, and the operation to achieve real-time, online inspection.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gold Colloid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; instrumentation ; Online Systems ; Photometry ; instrumentation ; Reagent Strips ; Vision Tests ; instrumentation ; methods ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

Existing methods of stereoacuity testing need specific glasses or optical device for use. We have designed a new stereoacuity test for the digitalized, random-dot stereogram and researched its clinical usefulness. A digitalized, random-dot, stereoacuity test card was created with a computer program that used a preferred symbol and the designed system was tested along with the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests to compare their sensitivity and specificity. The mean success rate of the digitalized, random-dot test was 98.2%, while the rates of the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests were 89.3%, 74.2% and 86.1%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the new test were 100% and 95.3%, respectively, which were not that different from those of the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests. We found that the digitalized, random-dot, stereoacuity test has a high success rate and can be appropriately used in medical examinations and follow-up tests for strabismus patients.
Age Distribution ; Child, Preschool ; Comparative Study ; Computer Graphics ; Depth Perception/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Software ; Vision Disorders/*diagnosis ; Vision Tests/*instrumentation/methods ; Vision, Binocular

We evaluated one of the new non-contact tonometers, the Pulsair non-contact tonometer, to assess its accuracy and reliability. Measurements on 101 eyes were used to assess its accuracy against Goldmann tonometry measurements, and another 24 eyes were used to assess its reliability (reproducibility). The results showed the instrument to be highly accurate and reliable in measurement.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tonometry, Ocular/*instrumentation ; Vision Screening/*methods

PURPOSE: To evaluate a customized, portable Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue viewing booth for compliance with colour vision testing standards and to compare it with room illumination in subjects with normal colour vision (trichromats), subjects with acquired colour vision defects (secondary to diabetes mellitus), and subjects with congenital colour vision defects (dichromats). METHODS: Discrete wavelengths of the tube in the customized booth were measured using a spectrometer using the normal incident method and were compared with the spectral distribution of sunlight. Forty-eight subjects were recruited for the study and were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, Normal Trichromats (30 eyes); Group 2, Congenital Colour Vision Defects (16 eyes); and Group 3, Diabetes Mellitus (20 eyes). The FM 100 hue test performance was compared using two illumination conditions, booth illumination and room illumination. RESULTS: Total error scores of the classical method in Group 2 as mean+/-SD for room and booth illumination was 243.05+/-85.96 and 149.85+/-54.50 respectively (p=0.0001). Group 2 demonstrated lesser correlation (r=0.50, 0.55), lesser reliability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.625, 0.662) and greater variability (Bland & Altman value, 10.5) in total error scores for the classical method and the moment of inertia method between the two illumination conditions when compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The customized booth demonstrated illumination meeting CIE standards. The total error scores were overestimated by the classical and moment of inertia methods in all groups for room illumination compared with booth illumination, however overestimation was more significant in the diabetes group.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Color Perception Tests/*instrumentation/*methods/standards ; Color Vision Defects/congenital/*diagnosis/etiology ; Diabetes Complications ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; *Lighting ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To compare the correlation between contrast vision (LV) and sweep visual evoked potential acuity (SVEP-A) among people with emmetropia, mild myopia, and moderate myopia. METHODS: The CV and SVEP-A were tested individually in 96 eyes from healthy young volunteers, including 37 eyes of emmetropia, 27 eyes of mild myopia, and 32 eyes of moderate myopia. The statistic analysis was done by ANOVA analysis and rank sum test. RESULTS: (1) With the decrease of contrast, CV and SVEP-A decreased in every group. (2) At 100% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and mild myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). At 100%, 25% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and moderate myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). (3) In the same group, the difference of 100% and 25% contrast had statistical significance (P < 0.05). So was between 100% and 10% contrast. (4) At 100% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV and SVEP-A had statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CV of myopia relates to many factors including ametropia and fundus lesions. The correction of ametropia is important to the values of CV and SVEP-A.
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Eye ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Myopia/physiopathology* ; Neurologic Examination ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vision Tests/instrumentation* ; Visual Acuity/physiology*