A study on the vision functions by vision test in 385 pupil with ages of 10-12 in Th¸i B×nh town in 1994 has shown that combined vision of both eyes was good, the visionability for near distance was better than this for far distance, 1-2% of pupil experienced refract problem. The vision test helped to rapidly and precisely examine the vision and discover the eye defect and vision color and visionability
Vision ; Vision Tests ; diagnosis

New Korean near vision chart was designed by the author and presented. As for the test types, photographically reduced optotypes of the Korean Test Chart for distance, published in Sep. 1964, and sentences in Korean letters similar to the Jaeger's near vision test types were employed in this chart, and the units of vision ranged from 0.1 to 1.2. On the back of the chart, a Landolt's ring for O.1; test objects in Korean sentences, solid and dotted lines for determination of the near point distance of accommodation; astigmatic dial; figure showing the structure of the eyeball; table of the amplitude and near point distance of accommodation in different ages ranging from 10 to 70, and suitable diopters of the glasses for reading in presbyopia with normal refraction were printed. The author stressed the importance of vision test for Dear and necessity of the near vision chart.
Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Presbyopia ; Vision Tests

The Hahn double 15 hue test is used for social and vacational aptitude test to separate strongly and mildly affected subjects among the colour vision defective persons, detected using colour vision test. However, the assessment of colour vision defect type and severity is based on the hue confusions which are represented diagrammatically on Hahn double 15 hue score sheet, this qualitative assessment of the test results have not provide a numerical score suitable for mathematical analysis. This paper presented a new proposal for quantitatively scoring the Hahn double 15 hue test based on those hue confusions made by the subject. With this program large numbers of double 15 hue test results can be processed easily and rapidly, and program helps to compare the severity of specific type colour vision defect and monitor acquired colour vision defect which has various disease process, continuously.
Aptitude Tests ; Humans ; Research Design* ; Vision Tests

The standard vision test using Snellen acuity is not always an accurate indicat or of functional vision loss. Acuity measures optical blur, but psudophakic eyes frequently do not affect optical blur. Therefore, acuity cannot provide relevant informations on the loss of vision experienced by the patients. Contrast sensitivity, not acuity, has been shown to be effective in determining functional vision loss due to psudophakic eyes. The MCT 8000(R), glare and contrast sensitivity system. was used for measurement of contrast sensitivity in 19 pseudophakic eyes at postoperative 1 month, 18 pseudophakic eyes at post-operative 3 months and 18 normal control eyes. The results were as follows: 1) Contrast sensitivity decreased in pseudophakic eyes compared to normal eyes in four different conditions; day vision, day vision with perpheral glare, night vision and night vision with central glare. 2) In pseudophakic eyes, contrast sensitivity was not different between 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Glare ; Humans ; Night Vision ; Pseudophakia ; Vision Tests

The standard vision test using visual acuity is not always an accurate indicator of functional visual loss. The contrast sensitivity was measured in low vision patients. the contrast sensitivity of low vision patients showed a substantila decrease in all spatial frequencies(P<0.001). Of the 34 patients, the preferred eye was the eye with better peak sensitivity in 31 patients(91%) while the perferred eye was the eye with better visual acuity in 24 patients(71%). There were no characteristics of contrast sensitivity according to the diagnosis. The contributions of the contrast sensitivity function to the low vision care are evaluated.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Vision Tests ; Vision, Low* ; Visual Acuity

In 2004, the University of the Philippines Manila published the Philippine Guidelines on Periodic Health Examination (PHEX): Effective Screening for Diseases among Apparently Healthy Filipinos. 1 The document was envisioned to “contribute… to the quality and efficiency of health care and health maintenance for all Filipinos… It was an appeal for rational medical decision-making, and an important step toward “equitable distribution of health and health resources.” The guidelines were prepared by designated task forces, with vision disorders, specifically vision impairment, and glaucoma identified as areas of interest. PHEX recommendations were drafted using standardized principles and a common protocol, with each statement undergoing four phases of development: (1) preparation of the evidence- based draft; (2) en banc meeting that gave panelists a chance to assess and revise the draft, where issues of feasibility, resource limitations, value judgment, and experts’ opinions were taken into account. A consensus was declared when at least 75% agreed on a recommendation; (3) for unresolved issues, modified Delphi technique was employed by correspondence until a consensus was reached or a maximum of three circulations were accomplished. If still unresolved, the issue was labeled as such and included in the final draft; (4) lastly, a public forum was conducted before the final draft was written. In this manner, the recommendations for Screening for Visual Impairment were written by the Task Force for Vision Disorders.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Child Preschool ; Vision Screening ; Vision Tests ; Diagnosis ; Standards ; Vision Disorders ; Amblyopia ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity ; Vision Tests

124 cases with congenital red-green color defects were examined using hahn`s color vision test, double 15 hue test, and Nagel`s anomaloscope. In the Neitz anomaloscope test, 5 cases(4%) showed protanomaly, 1 case(1%) extreme protanomaly, 16 cases (13%) protanopia, 45 cases(36%) deuteranomaly, 52 cases(42%) deuteranopia, and 5 cases (4%) normal state. 5 cases(4%) of protan was classified by degree of color defects, 1 case with mild defect, 1 case with moderate defect, and 3 cases with severe defect by the Hahn`s color vision test. 14 cases (10.4%) of deutan eye the following:5 cases in mild, 6 cases in noderate, and 3 cases in severe defect. 105 cases (85.6%) were the unclassified type. In comparision with Hahn`s color vision test and anomaloscope, the concordance rate was 57.1%(8/14) in only mild and severe color defect of deutan. In the Double 15 hue test, 29 cases (23%) showed in 60.9%(25/41) in deutan. By the degree of color defect, 6 cases showed medium response, 23 cases strong response in protan. 4 cases showed medium, 37 cases strong response in deutan. The concordance rates are 57%(13/23) in protan and 68%(25/37) in deutan in strong response. We conclude that Neitz anomaloscope test is better method than Hahn`s color vision test and double 15 hue test in qualitative and qualntitative dignosis of cogenital red-green color defects.
Color Perception Tests* ; Color Perception* ; Color Vision

A new model of test chart for accurate and simpler measurement of visual acuity is introduced. The test chart is composed of Landolt's rings, Arabic figures, and Korean letters following the International Standardization.
Arabs ; Humans ; Vision Tests* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study aimed to quantify the shift of colorimetric values in the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test with aging of the plates. METHODS: Three sets of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates with different published dates (printed in 1971, 1983 and 2001) were tested. Positions matching 32 dots with 13 colors were chosen from each set and the colorimetric values with the CIELAB and HSB/HLS color systems were measured with a spectrophotometer. Lightness (L*), red-green (a*), blue-yellow (b*), chroma, red hue, yellow hue, and green hue values from each set were compared. RESULTS: L* and chroma values were significantly higher in the older versions. The a* values shifted to red (increased a*) and the b* values shifted to yellow (increased b*) with plate aging. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the pseudoisochromatic plates had significant changes in color values and a directional shift with aging.
Color ; *Color Perception ; Color Vision Defects/*diagnosis ; *Colorimetry ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry ; Time Factors ; Vision Tests/*instrumentation

PURPOSE: The present study explored novel methods in visual field tests that actively induce the gaze of the examinee to the fixation target in the center vision and compared their effectiveness. METHODS: Four gaze induction methods (dot-on, dot-off, number-on, and number-off) were prepared by combining 2 types of fixation targets (dot and number) and 2 conditions of sound presence (on and off). The gaze induction methods were implemented to a PC-based visual field testing system and the 24-2 visual field testing protocol was administered to 14 participants without glaucoma. The performance of the gaze induction method was evaluated in terms of fixation error rate, target detection rate, and subjective satisfaction (7-point scale, 1 for least satisfied and 7 for most satisfied). RESULTS: The fixation error rates of dot-on (5.7%) and number-on (6.4%) were relatively lower than the other methods; the target detection rates of the induction methods were very high (95-96%) without significant differences, and the subjective satisfaction levels of dot-on (5.7) and number-on (5.4) were significantly higher than the other methods. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we determined number-on as the preferred effective gaze induction method compared to the conventional dot-off method when fixation error rates and subjective satisfaction were considered.
Glaucoma ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields