One-hundred patients with low vison caused by various ophthalmic pathologies were evaluated retrospectively. Ophtic atrophy was the most common etiology for low vision. For the low vision patients, hand-help magnifiers, stand magnifiers, telecopes and spectacle-mounted magnifiers were used as optical low vision aid(LVA)s. Typoscopes, visors, absorptive lenses, reading stands were used as non-optical LVAs. Closed circuit television was used as an electrical LVA. Majority of patients(82%) benefited from being prescribed low vision aids Therefore, it was suggested that all patients having low vision should receive a low vision assessment.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Television ; Vision, Low*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia. METHODS: Totally, 152 people (283 eyeballs) with different levels of myopia were tested for visual acuity, axial length, and fundus. All cases were classified according to diopter, axial length, and fundus. The relationships between diopter, axial length, fundus and visual acuity were studied. The mathematical models were established for visual acuity and eyeball structure markers. RESULTS: The visual acuity showed a moderate correlation with fundus class, comus, axial length and diopter ([r] > 0.4, P < 0.000 1). The visual acuity in people with the axial length longer than 30.00 mm, diopter above -20.00 D and fundus in 4th class were mostly below 0.5. The mathematical models were established by visual acuity and eyeball structure markers. CONCLUSION The visual acuity should decline with axial length extension, diopter deepening and pathological deterioration of fundus. To detect the structure changes by combining different kinds of objective methods can help to assess and to judge the vision in high myopia.
Adult ; Eye/physiopathology* ; Forensic Medicine ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Myopia/pathology* ; Refraction, Ocular ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vision Tests ; Vision, Low/pathology* ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the progression of medically treated primary open angle glaucoma according to the baseline intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: This study included a total of 345 eyes from 345 patients (mean follow-up period, 4.5 years). Eyes were classified into either conventional normal tension glaucoma (cNTG, < or =21 mmHg) or conventional high-tension glaucoma (cHTG, >21 mmHg) groups according to the conventional cut-off value of the IOP. Additionally, the median IOP (15 mmHg) was used to create two other groups (median NTG [mNTG] < or =15 mmHg and median HTG [mHTG] >15 mmHg). Using these values, 306, 39, 153, and 192 eyes were assigned to the cNTG, cHTG, mNTG, and mHTG groups, respectively. Glaucoma progression was determined either by optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer photographs or serial visual field data. RESULTS: Mean reduction of IOP after medical treatment and of central corneal thickness was lower in the cNTG group, while the prevalence of disc hemorrhage and baseline visual field mean deviation did not differ between the cNTG and cHTG groups. A mean reduction in the IOP was observed after medical treatment, and central corneal thickness was lower in the mNTG group; disc hemorrhage was more frequent in the mNTG than in the mHTG group. Among the 345 analyzed eyes, 100 (29%) showed progression during the follow-up period. In the cHTG group, a higher baseline IOP (hazard ratio, 1.147; p = 0.024) was associated with glaucoma progression. Disc hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 15.533; p < 0.001) was also strongly associated with progression in the mNTG group. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline IOP was a significant risk factor for glaucoma progression in cHTG patients (10% of our total participants), while disc hemorrhage showed the strongest association with progression in the mNTG group, indicating that a cut-off value other than the conventional 21 mmHg is required to define true low-tension glaucoma in populations where NTG predominates among all glaucoma patients.
Aged ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*diagnosis ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Optic Disk/pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/*diagnosis ; Photography/standards ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Visual Field Tests/standards ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and vascular factors of early normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with high and low intraocular pressure (IOP) that are expected to be associated with the development of glaucoma. METHODS: Seventy-one Korean NTG patients with low IOP (the highest IOP <15 mmHg, 40 patients) and high IOP (the lowest IOP >15 mmHg, 31 patients) were included in this study. The thickness of LC and vascular factors were compared. The thickness of the LC was measured using the enhanced depth imaging method with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis). RESULTS: The mean thickness of the central LC was 190.0 +/- 19.2 microm in the low IOP group and 197.8 +/- 23.6 microm in the high IOP group, but there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of self-reported Raynaud phenomenon was significantly higher in the low IOP group (33.0%) than the high IOP group (10.3%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The laminar thickness did not significantly differ between the high and low IOP groups. However, the prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon was higher in the low IOP groups. These results suggest that the development of glaucoma with low IOP patients may be more influenced by peripheral vasospasm, such as Raynaud phenomenon, rather than laminar thickness in NTG.
Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/*diagnosis ; Raynaud Disease/*diagnosis ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Visual Fields