1.Embolization of the Device to the Left Pulmonary Artery after the Interventional Closure of Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm.
Lalit Kumar CHOUDHRY ; Vinay M RAO ; Birla Roy GNANAMUTHU ; Vishal AGRAWAL ; Ravi SHANKAR ; Ram PRASATH
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2015;48(3):202-205
Formation of an aneurysm in the sinus of Valsalva of the aortic root is usually due to an area of congenital weakness in its wall. This aneurysm may progressively dilate and rupture into any of the cardiac chambers or into the pericardial cavity. Though this is conventionally treated by surgery, interventional therapy using various closure devices is becoming more common. Embolization of these closure devices may occur. We report a case of embolization of such a device into the left pulmonary artery which during surgical retrieval, unmasked the hidden ventricular septal defect (VSD). Therefore one has to be cautious while making a diagnosis of rupture of the sinus of Valsalva of right coronary sinus without VSD.
Aneurysm*
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Coronary Sinus
;
Diagnosis
;
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
;
Pulmonary Artery*
;
Rupture
;
Sinus of Valsalva*
2. Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infections, anti-viral immunity and vaccine responses
Abhishek MOHANTY ; Aanchal SAWHNEY ; Vandana JAIN ; Abhishek MOHANTY ; Vishal RAO ; Shefali GUPTA ; Periyasamy GOVINDARAJ ; Sambit MOHANTY
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022;15(3):97-105
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed sex-based differences in anti-viral responses, with a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as a higher rate of morbidity and mortality in men than in women. Males and females also show disparate immune responses to COVID-19 infection, which may be important contributors to lower rates of infection, disease severity and deaths in women than in men. Here, the authors review sex differences in SARSCoV- 2 infections, anti-viral immunity and vaccine responses, putting forth the importance of sex, the underappreciated variables in vaccine response and disease infectivity.