1.TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions in littoral of Zhejiang province.
Mei-Yun ZHENG ; Ying LIN ; Dan-Jun LI ; Hai-Bo RUAN ; Yi CHEN ; Ting-Ting WU
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology 2010;24(2):110-112
OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions in littoral of Zhejiang province and analysis of transmitted route.
METHODSNested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was established. TTV DNA were tested by nPCR in cervical smears of 95 patients with cervical lesions and 55 healthy women, paired serum samples were available from 55 and 42 women, and their viral titer. The genotypes of 95 specimens of cervical cytology were detected with HybriMax. The phylogenetic group of TTV was determined by means of nPCR with N22 primers.
RESULTSThe prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions and healthy women was 52.7% (29/55) and was comparable with that in paired serum sample (50%). Symptomatic women had significantly higher prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears (74.7%) than healthy controls (P = 0.005). The TTV DNA prevalence in patient serum samples was 51%. The phylogenetic groups of TTV serum isolates were concordant with those of TTV from cervical smears of the same subjects, and genotype was G1b. The TTV viral titer in cervical smears were 10 to 1000 times as high as in serum. The total infection rate of HPV was 98.9% in patients, and was 27.3% in healthy women. The frequently detected genotype was HPV16, 18, 33 of HSIL, and HPV6 of LSIL. The HPV positive study subjects had significantly higher TTV DNA prevalence than HPV negatives (P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONHigh prevalence of TTV in cervical smears suggests that sexual transmission is another mode of expansion of TTV infection among the population. The higher viral titer in cervical smears than in the respective serum samples might indicate active TTV replication in the female genital tract. Nevertheless, cooperation between TTV and HPV needs to be further investigated.
Adolescent ; Adult ; DNA Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Torque teno virus ; physiology ; Uterine Cervical Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Vaginal Smears ; Young Adult
2.Coinfection of Viral Agents in Korean Children with Acute Watery Diarrhea.
Hong KOH ; Seoung Yon BAEK ; Jae Il SHIN ; Ki Sup CHUNG ; Young Mee JEE
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2008;23(6):937-940
Currently, there are a few reports on viral coinfection that causes an acute watery diarrhea in Korean children. So, to evaluate the features of coinfectious viral agents in children with acute watery diarrhea, we enrolled 155 children with acute watery diarrhea from July 2005 to June 2006. Fecal samples were collected and evaluated for various viral infections such as rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. The mean (+/-standard deviation) age of the children was 2.71+/-2.37 yr. The detection rate of viral agents was most common in children between the ages of 1 and 3 yr. Rotavirus was detected in 63 children (41.3%), norovirus in 56 (36.2%), adenovirus in 11 (7.1%), and astrovirus in 1 (0.6%). Regarding rotavirus, there were 38 (60.3%) cases with monoinfection and 25 (39.7%) with coinfection. For norovirus, there were 33 (58.9%) cases with monoinfection and 23 (41.1%) with coinfection. Coinfection with rotavirus and norovirus was most common, and occurred in 20/155 cases (12.9%) including coinfection with adenovirus. So, rotavirus and norovirus were the most common coinfectious viral agents in our study population with acute watery diarrhea.
Acute Disease
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Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology
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Astroviridae Infections/epidemiology
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Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Diarrhea/epidemiology/*virology
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Feces/virology
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Humans
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Infant
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Korea/epidemiology
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Norovirus/isolation & purification
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Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology
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Virus Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology
3.Possible mechanisms underlying the association between human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hypertension in elderly Japanese population.
Yuji SHIMIZU ; Kazuhiko ARIMA ; Yuko NOGUCHI ; Shin-Ya KAWASHIRI ; Hirotomo YAMANASHI ; Mami TAMAI ; Yasuhiro NAGATA ; Takahiro MAEDA
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2021;26(1):17-17
BACKGROUND:
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) activates inflammatory cascades by activating the NF-κB pathway. The minor allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in breast cancer suppressor BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP), which has a common etiology with HTLV-1 infection, has been reported to be positively associated with carotid atherosclerosis, but inversely associated with hypertension. Therefore, HTLV-1 infection may be inversely associated with hypertension by activating endothelial maintenance, including atherosclerosis. To clarify these associations, a cross-sectional study was conducted using 2989 Japanese individuals aged 60-99 years participating in a general health check-up.
METHODS:
Logistic regression models were used to clarify the association between HTLV-1 and hypertension. Platelet levels stratified analyses were also performed since platelet production, which plays a crucial role in endothelium maintenance, can be stimulated by activating the NF-κB pathway.
RESULTS:
HTLV-1 infection was found to be significantly inversely associated with hypertension, particularly in subjects with high platelet levels (≥ second tertiles of platelet levels); the fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.75 (0.62, 0.92) for total and 0.64 (0.50, 0.82) for high platelet levels, respectively. Further analysis of the non-hypertensive subjects demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection was significantly positively associated with atherosclerosis in subjects with the highest tertile of platelet levels (2.11 [1.15, 3.86]) but not in subjects with low platelet levels (first and second tertiles of platelet level) (0.89 [0.57, 1.39]).
CONCLUSION
Asymptomatic HTLV-1 infection is inversely associated with hypertension, possibly by activating endothelial maintenance, including atherosclerosis progression.
Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Carotid Artery Diseases/virology*
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Cross-Sectional Studies
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Female
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HTLV-I Infections/complications*
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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology*
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Humans
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Hypertension/virology*
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Japan/epidemiology*
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Male
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Middle Aged
4.Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in Jeju Island, Korea.
Ki Seung KIM ; Ji Youl JUNG ; Jae Hoon KIM ; Sang Chul KANG ; Eui Kyung HWANG ; Bong Kyun PARK ; Dae Yong KIM ; Jae Hoon KIM
Journal of Veterinary Science 2011;12(1):15-19
Epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary Pneumocystis (P.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on Jeju Island, Korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University. The submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, PCR/RT-PCR, and bacteriology. P. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. Histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lymphohistioctyic interstitial pneumonia with variable numbers of fungal organisms within lesions. Furthermore, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) co-infection was a common phenomenon (12.8%, 20.5%, and 48.7% were positive for PRRS, PCV-2, or both, respectively, as determined by PCR/RT-PCR). Infection was much more concentrated during winter (December to March) and 53.8% of the infected pigs were 7- to 8-weeks old. In addition, three pigs showed co-infection with bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis. The results of the present study suggest that the secondary P. carinii infection is common following primary viral infection in swine in Korea. They further suggest that co-infection of P. carinii might be enhanced by the virulence of primary pathogens or might have synergistic effects in the pigs with chronic wasting diseases.
Aging
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Animals
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*Circovirus/pathogenicity
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Incidence
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Pasteurella Infections/complications/epidemiology/veterinary
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Pasteurella multocida/i
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*Pneumocystis carinii/immunology/pathogenicity
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Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology/*veterinary
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Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology
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*Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/pathogenicity
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Prevalence
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Republic of Korea/epidemiology
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sea
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Streptococcal Infections/complications/epidemiology/veterinary
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Streptococcus suis/i
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Sus scrofa
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Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology
5.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy for nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Korea: data from the clinical practice setting in a single-center cohort.
Sung Soo AHN ; Young Eun CHON ; Beom Kyung KIM ; Seung Up KIM ; Do Young KIM ; Sang Hoon AHN ; Kwang Hyub HAN ; Jun Yong PARK
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2014;20(3):261-266
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study assessed the antiviral efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for up to 12 months in Korean treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS: A total of 411 treatment-naive CHB patients who had been treated with TDF for at least 3 months (median 5.6) were consecutively enrolled. Clinical, biochemical, virological parameters and treatment adherence were routinely assessed every 3 months. RESULTS: The median age was 51.3 years, 63.0% of the patients were male, 49.6% were HBeAg (+), and 210 patients had liver cirrhosis. The median baseline HBV DNA was 5.98 (SD 1.68) log10 IU/mL. Among the patients completing week 48, 83.3% had a complete virologic response (CVR, <12 IU/mL by HBV PCR assay), and 88.2% had normalized levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The cumulative probabilities of CVR at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 22.8%, 53.1%, 69.3% and 85.0%. During the follow-up period, 9.8% patients achieved HBeAg loss and 7.8% patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. There was no virological breakthrough after initiating TDF. The most common TDF-related adverse event was gastrointestinal upset, and three patients discontinued TDF therapy. However, no serious life-threatening side effect was noted. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical practice setting, TDF was safe and highly effective when administered for 12 months to Korean treatment-naive CHB patients.
Adenine/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
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Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Alanine Transaminase/blood
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Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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Cohort Studies
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DNA, Viral/blood
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Female
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Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/etiology
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Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood
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Hepatitis B virus/genetics
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Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications/*drug therapy/virology
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Humans
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Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Organophosphonates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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Republic of Korea
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Retrospective Studies
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Treatment Outcome
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Young Adult