Over the past few years, the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health. Individuals with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious diseases. This review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease status. By surveying the latest literature, we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency conditions. We then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.
Humans ; Viruses ; Virome ; Microbiota ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes

Virome is the collective term for the viral collection or viral metagenomes that are distributed in various environments. Viruses can be found in bodies of water, glaciers, plants, animals, and even some viruses, which are classified as eukaryotes, prokaryotes and subviruses. Viruses play very important role in maintaining environmental homeostasis and ecosystem balance, and are especially closely related to human health. In recent years, with the advancement of sequencing technology and data analysis, we are able to gain more insights into the virome and explore its potential role in the ecological niche by metagenomic sequencing. A large amount of viral data have been obtained from glaciers, oceans, and various plants and animals, and numerous unknown viruses have been discovered. Virome has been studied mainly through metagenomic data mining, as well as virus-like particles separation and enrichment. To date, several different methods for viral isolation and enrichment exist, and numerous bioinformatic analyses of the virome have been performed. However, there is a lack of specific and complete reviews on the enrichment and data analysis methods for the virome. Thus, our review will summarize viral isolation and enrichment methods and data analysis, and present some of the landmark research conducted by the enrichment method, to provide a reference for researchers of interest and further advance the field of virome research.
Animals ; Humans ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Microbiota/genetics* ; Virome ; Viruses/genetics*