1.An overview of the evolution of EV71 vaccine.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2010;27(4):933-936
EV71 infection has become a serious public health threat especially among young children. Yet, at present, no specific antiviral drug against EV71 infection is available. A number of scientists are studying various kinds of vaccines, including inactivated vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine, DNA vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccines, and transgenic oral vaccine. This article reviews the recent advancement in the design of various kinds of vaccine against EV71 as well as their prospective usefulness, effectiveness, weakness and developments in the foreground.
Enterovirus A, Human
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immunology
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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
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immunology
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prevention & control
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Humans
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Vaccines, Attenuated
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immunology
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Vaccines, DNA
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immunology
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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immunology
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Vaccines, Synthetic
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immunology
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Viral Vaccines
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immunology
2.Pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus infection and research on attenuated live vaccine.
Mao-Zhi TANG ; Ying DOU ; Xiao-Dong ZHAO
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2014;16(5):548-554
Numerous studies have indicated that human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important viral pathogen in acute respiratory infections in children, presenting similar manifestations with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV infection peaks in the winter-spring season and is more prevalent in younger ages, especially in children less than 1 year old. Host innate immune response has been implicated in recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the virus. This recognition occurs through host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll like receptors (TLRs) are one of the largest class of PRRs which initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses. Some studies have indicated that TLR 3 and TLR 4 may play critical roles in hMPV infection. Construction of recombinant mutant viruses lacking one or two N-linked glycosylation sites in the F protein by using site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics may be helpful for developing attenuated live vaccines.
Humans
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Metapneumovirus
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immunology
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Paramyxoviridae Infections
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etiology
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prevention & control
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Vaccines, Attenuated
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immunology
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Vaccines, Synthetic
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immunology
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Viral Vaccines
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immunology
3.Advances in research and development of universal influenza vaccines.
Li-Xia ZHANG ; Jian-Fang ZHOU ; Yue-Long SHU ; Bao-Shou YANG ; Zhao-Qing HE
Chinese Journal of Virology 2014;30(1):73-78
Vaccination is the primary strategy for the prevention and control of pandemic influenza. Because influenza virus is highly variable across strains, universal influenza vaccines need to be developed to address this problem. This review describes the research progress in conserved epitopes of influenza virus, the advances in the research and development of universal influenza vaccines based on the relatively conserved sequences of NP, M2e, HA2, and headless HA, the mechanisms of cross-protection, and the methods to improve cross-protection.
Animals
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Cross Reactions
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Humans
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Orthomyxoviridae
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immunology
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Species Specificity
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Viral Proteins
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immunology
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Viral Vaccines
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genetics
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immunology
4.Humoral immune responses in rabbits induced by an experimental inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine prepared from F69 strain.
Chuan-Hai ZHANG ; Zhong-Min GUO ; Huan-Ying ZHENG ; Jia-Hai LU ; Yi-Fei WANG ; Xin-Ge YAN ; Yong ZHAO ; Xiong-Wei DU ; Xin ZHANG ; Ling FANG ; Wen-Hua LING ; Shu-Yuan QI ; Xin-Bing YU ; Nan-Shan ZHONG
Chinese Medical Journal 2004;117(11):1625-1629
BACKGROUNDThe etiologic agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been confirmed to be a novel coronavirus (CoV), namely SARS-CoV. Developing safe and effective SARS-CoV vaccines is essential for us to prevent the possible reemergence of its epidemic. Previous experiences indicate that inactivated vaccine is conventional and more hopeful to be successfully developed. Immunogenicity evaluation of an experimental inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine in rabbits was conducted and reported in this paper.
METHODSThe large-scale cultured SARS-CoV F69 strain was inactivated with 0.4% formaldehyde and purified, then used as the immunogen combined with Freund's adjuvant. Eight adult New Zealand rabbits were immunized four times with this experimental inactivated vaccine. Twelve sets of rabbit serum were sampled from the third day to the seventy-fourth day after the first vaccination. The titers of specific anti-SARS-CoV IgG antibody were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the neutralizing antibody titers were detected with micro-cytopathic effect neutralization test.
RESULTSRapid and potent humoral immune responses were induced by the inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine in all the eight test rabbits. Titers of both specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody peaked at about six weeks after first vaccination, with the maximum value of 1:81 920 and 1:20 480, respectively. After that, serum antibody levels remained at a plateau or had a slight decrease, though two boosters were given in the succedent 4 to 5 weeks. Cross neutralization response existed between SARS-CoV F69 strain and Z2-Y3 strain.
CONCLUSIONSThe inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine made from F69 strain owns strong immunogenicity, and the cross neutralization response between the two different SARS-CoV strains gives a hint of the similar neutralizing epitopes, which provide stable bases for the development of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccines.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Neutralization Tests ; Rabbits ; SARS Virus ; immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology
5.Severe acute respiratory syndrome: vaccine on the way.
Ding-mei ZHANG ; Guo-ling WANG ; Jia-hai LU
Chinese Medical Journal 2005;118(17):1468-1476
Humans
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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immunology
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SARS Virus
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immunology
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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prevention & control
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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Vaccines, DNA
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immunology
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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immunology
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Vaccines, Synthetic
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immunology
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Viral Envelope Proteins
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immunology
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Viral Vaccines
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immunology
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Virion
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immunology
6.Progress in new-type vaccines against classical swine fever.
Chunhua WANG ; Yuan SUN ; Huaji QIU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2013;29(7):880-890
Classical swine fever (CSF), an acute and highly contagious disease of swine, is caused by classical swine fever virus. CSF is one of the most devastating diseases to the pig industry worldwide and results in serious economic losses. Currently prophylactic vaccination is still an important strategy for the control of CSF. Live attenuated vaccines (such as C-strain) are safe and effective. However, there are significant changes in the clinical features of CSF, displaying concurrent typical and atypical CSF, and simultaneous inapparent and persistent infections. Immunization failure has been reported frequently and it is difficult to distinguish between wild-type infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). So there is an urgent need to develop more effective and safer DIVA or marker vaccines for the control of CSF. In this review, some of the most recent advances in new-type vaccines against CSF, including DNA vaccines, live virus-vectored vaccines, protein or peptide-based vaccines, gene-deleted vaccines and chimeric pestivirus-based vaccines, are reviewed and discussed.
Animals
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Classical Swine Fever
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prevention & control
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Classical swine fever virus
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Swine
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Vaccination
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veterinary
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Vaccines, Attenuated
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immunology
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Vaccines, DNA
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immunology
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Vaccines, Subunit
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immunology
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Viral Vaccines
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immunology
8.Progress in research of norovirus structural proteins.
Qing-ping WU ; Lin YAO ; Jun-mei ZHANG ; Da-peng WANG ; Xiao-xia KOU
Chinese Journal of Virology 2008;24(4):322-325
9.Construction and expression of non-structural protein gene 3-4b of HCV 1b based on the adenoassociated virus vector.
Tian CHEN ; Hai-Xia SUN ; Wei-Bin QIN ; Feng-Qin ZHU ; Xue-Ling LI ; Hong CAO ; Qi-Huan XU ; Gang LI
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology 2013;27(2):132-134
OBJECTIVETo clone 1b type of HCV NS3-4b Gene and express in HEK 293 cells, lay the foundation for further study of the HCV NS3-4b recombinant adeno-associated virus vaccine and its dendritic cell vaccine.
METHODSHCV 1b patients' serum was collected, and full length NS3-4b segment was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into adeno-associated virus' expression vector pAAV. CMV. EGFP in order to express in HEK 293 cells. At last, it was validated whether express or not by Western Blot.
RESULTSThe 1b type gene NS3-4b were amplified and consistent to the expected size (2838 bp), the recombinant plasmid has been confirmed its successful restructured by double enzyme and sequencing, at last, Western Blot map can see objective protein expression after it transfect HEK 293 cells.
CONCLUSIONThe adeno-associsted virus recombination HCV NS3-4b plasmid have successfully constructed and it can express in eukaryotic cells.
Dependovirus ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology
10.Progess in the development of VLPs vaccine.
Chinese Journal of Virology 2011;27(4):378-382