This study is designed to contribute to the nursing intervention of adolescent domestic violence victims by describing specifically what they go through and on this basis work out a grounded theory on the adolescent's experience in domestic violence. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin(1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Joyudeum" or "Straight jacketing". The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'menacing', 'being harassed', 'being pressed', 'being attacked', 'being strapped', 'being filled with anger', 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being filled with anger', 'becoming hard', 'endurance', 'regulation', 'seriousness', 'repetition', 'being helpful', 'dependence', 'thinking oriented', 'blowing off', 'going astray', 'self-deprecating', 'shaking off, covering up', 'governing, 'being devoted', 'performing', 'being transformed', 'bolting', 'being shaken', 'withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bolting', 'being shaken', withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bitterness'. These categories were again grouped into 13 categories including 'threatening', 'straight jacketing', 'tolerance', 'violence', 'supporter', 'supporting type', 'thinking oriented', 'impulsive response', 'self-controlled', 'response', 'self-reliance', 'wandering', 'withdrawal' and 'pain'. Of these the five sub-categories 'being filled with anger', 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard' were grouped into a core category "straight jacketing". Those adolescents brought up in a violent family go through three stages of the adaptation of "straight jacketing". that is, generation, response and adaptation. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations : 1) If a subject's tolerance is strong, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being stronger but the subject's supporter is highly mature, the supporting type is concrete and the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is self-reliance with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 2) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent but not serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being weaker but the subject's supporter is immature, the supporting type is superficial and the thinking oriented is extemporary, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with prat of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 3) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straight jacketing is strong, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in wandering. 4) If a subject's tolerance is strong and the episodes of the violence are infrequent and not serious, the straight jacketing is weak, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in self-reliance.
Adolescent ; Domestic Violence* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Statistics as Topic ; Thinking ; Violence

Trauma is a major health problem in Papua New Guinea. Injuries are the commonest cause of death in the productive age group of 15-44 years. Trauma is the leading cause of surgical death in Port Moresby General Hospital. The common causes of injury are road traffic accidents, domestic violence, criminal assault, tribal fights, accidents at home and at work, burns and falls. This review summarizes what has been published on the different causes of trauma in Papua New Guinea. Though much has been written little has been done to implement the recommendations made. Papua New Guinea needs a spinal unit and it needs burns units in its major hospitals. There should be better facilities for rehabilitation. Little has been done to curb tribal fighting and domestic violence. Road traffic fatalities have at least remained static in the last decade and wearing seat belts is now compulsory, but the law must be enforced. Driving after drinking alcohol must be stopped and protective roll bars or cages must be fitted to all open-back utility vehicles which carry passengers. Progress requires vision and commitment by surgeons, leaders in public health, hospital administrators and politicians.
Abdominal Injuries - epidemiology ; Accidents, Traffic - statistics & ; numerical data ; Domestic Violence - statistics & ; numerical data ; Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology

BACKGROUNDDomestic violence (DV) is not only a devastating societal problem, but also a severe medical and mental health problem worldwide. Our previous study has shown that perpetrators were with higher prevalence of self-reported symptoms than that of controls. This study based on our former large scale population-based samples is aimed to further explore the correlations between the symptoms and psychosocial factors of the perpetrators with DV. It was helpful to provide some insight into possible strategies for clinicians to reduce the symptoms of the perpetrators with DV in China.

METHODSFrom our former population-based epidemiological samples, 1098 households with a history of DV in preceding year, 318 perpetrators with DV were randomly selected. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was administrated to check and classify the symptoms of perpetrators, Eysenck's personality questionnaire (EPQ), trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ), life events scale (LES) and social supporting rating scale (SSRS) were administrated to evaluate the psychosocial factors of perpetrators. The correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between the symptoms and psychosocial factors of perpetrators of DV.

RESULTSThe global and all subscale scores of SCL-90 were significantly positively correlated with EPQ-N, negative TCSQ and negative LES scores (P < 0.01). The global score of SCL-90 was negatively correlated with both objective and subjective SSRS (P < 0.01). The negative LES and negative TCSQ were significantly positively correlated with EPQ-N (P < 0.01). Negative TCSQ was significantly positively correlated with negative LES and negatively correlated with subjective SSRS (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe self-reported symptoms of perpetrators with DV were strongly correlated with their psychosocial factors, such as the neurotic personality, negative coping style, more negative life events and less subjective social supports. It suggested bio-psycho-socially oriented interventions were necessary to buffer the symptoms of perpetrators with DV.

Adult ; China ; Domestic Violence ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo understand prevalence of workplace violence in hospital and to analyse its relevant causes to lay a basis for maintaining normal working order in hospital.

METHODSA study was conducted to look into workplace violence situation in health care workers in two large hospitals of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province during October 2001 to October 2002. Workplace violence was defined as any events occurred in hospital staff, who suffered psychological or/and physical violence during the past 12 months.

RESULTSTotally, 678 of 1 043 hospital staff (65%) investigated had such experience during the past year, mainly psychological violence. Medical doctors were more vulnerable than nurses, with prevalence of 70.3% and 67.7% for medical doctors and nurses, respectively. Prevalence was the highest in those aged 30 - 39 years with 11 - 20 years of employment. Man staff were more vulnerable to physical violence than women, with prevalence of 11.7% and 5.3%, respectively. No significant difference in psychological or sexual violence between man and woman staff was found. Frequently, nurses and nurse aides were victims of sexual violence. Usually, troublemakers were patients relatives or patients themselves, accounting for 64.2% and 50.0% of the total events, respectively. Main causes for workplace violence in hospital included unreasonable requirement from patients or their relatives which was not met, or not-so-quick recovery as they desired.

CONCLUSIONSWorkplace violence occurred in hospital staff was prevalent in Guangzhou, which should be attached more importance. Comprehensive intervention measures should be adopted focusing on law reinforcement and education, to maintain normal working order in hospital.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personnel, Hospital ; Prevalence ; Violence ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Workplace

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing depression and suicide attempts among South Korean adolescent victims of violence. METHODS: This secondary data analysis was based on the 11th (2015) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey. The study sample comprised of 1,565 students who were victims of violence and subsequently required medical treatment during the past 12 months. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were completed. RESULTS: Factors associated with adolescent depression due to violence were residence type, perceived happiness, sleep satisfaction, perceived stress, perceived health, gender, lifetime smoking habits, number of violent experiences, and lifetime alcohol consumption habits. Factors associated with adolescent suicide attempts were perceived health, residence type, number of violent experiences, lifetime smoking habits, and gender. CONCLUSION: Our study findings show that different factors affect depression and suicide attempts among Korean juvenile victims of violence. Therefore, considering these factors, it is necessary to prepare intervention strategies that include family-centered support systems, improvement in coping ability of the individual and counselors who have experience with juvenile victims of violence.
Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Counseling ; Depression ; Exposure to Violence ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted ; Violence

OBJECTIVETo explore the features of violence among primary and secondary school students in Hefei, and to set up intervention measures for violence prevention.

METHODSFour schools in Hefei were randomly sampled in the study. A total of 3064 students completed a questionnaire.

RESULTS16.22% of the pupils reported having suffered from violence at least once every month. The rate was higher in boys than that in girls's (chi(2) = 25.13, P = 0.000). The major assaulters were from classmates (45.80%), with hand beating (37.42%), insulting (31.21%), threatening (20.88%), and 10.49% using sticks and sharp weapons. Most violence occurred at school (46.08%), followed by at home (28.41%) and outside of schools (25.51%), with significant difference (P = 0.000). As a result, 3.33% ended up with fractures, and 0.51% with disability. 97 pupils reported having assaulted others frequently (3.21%). Being irritated (47.38%) was the major reason for the violence to occur.

CONCLUSIONViolence among primary and secondary school students in Hefei city was serious that called for targeted education be strengthened and school environment be improved.

Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Students ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to identify the socio-psychiatric aspects of adolescent criminal offences reported on daily newspapers and to use them as basic materials for prevention of adolescent criminal offences. METHODS: The author analysed 681 cases of adolescent criminal offenders, including 642 males and 39 females who reported on daily newspaper such as DongA Ilbo and Chung-Cheong Ilbo, aged from 12 through 21. In data analysis, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the student(261 cases) and the non-student(420 cases). RESULTS: 1) The rate of student were more common in female and younger in their age group comparing with the non-student. Recently, the incidence of student's offences of all adolescent of offences were remarkably increased, while those of the non-student was Decreased. 2) Violence and theft or group offences were more common in the student, while felony or solitary offences were more frequently observed in the non-student. The more vulnerable time of criminal offences in the student were more in afternoon, while the non-student were more in midnight. 3) The psychological conflicts and the economical causes were the most ones in the student, while the curiosity, the personality problems and the heterosexual conflicts were more common in the lion-student. physical aggressions were more prominent ones in the student, compared with the instrumental aggression in the non-student. 4) The student committed offense more in the patterns of group offences with peers, younger in their age and were more often with their peer students, while the non-student committed offense more in the patterns of solitary crime, more prevalent with older aged jobless peers. 5) Most of the victims in the student were more abused to the intimate persons, and more younger students, while those in the non-student were more abused to the unknown persons and more older aged adolescents. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent and correct increasing trends of violence in school, nationwide guidance programs should be promptly applied through promotion of psychological wellbeing in family and school, proper guidance to peer relationship, and providing more opportunities for sound recreational activities in evening time to help dissipate the frustration of the adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Aggression ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Frustration ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Periodicals* ; Statistics as Topic ; Theft ; Violence

OBJECTIVETo examine patterns of abuse before, during, and after pregnancy and the possible factors related to abuse.

METHODSA community-based face-to-face survey of a representative group of women having a child aged 6 to 18 months in 32 communities of Tianjin, Liaoning, Henan and Shaanxi provinces was carried out between November 1, 2001 and February 28, 2002.

RESULTSThe prevalence rate of domestic violence (emotional, sexual and physical) occurred in any period (before, during and after pregnancy) against women was 12.6%. The prevalence of domestic violence against women during the approximate 9 months of pregnancy (4.3%) was relatively lower than that during the 12 months before pregnancy (9.1%) and during the mean 11 months postpartum period (8.3%). Domestic violence against women before pregnancy was a strong risk factor for abuse during and post pregnancy. Abused women and perpetrators were more likely to be in lower social class were smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. Abused women were more likely to be witnessing violence in the past and having poor relationship with partner.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of domestic violence against women was high which called for in-depth training and improving awareness for all health professionals.

China ; Domestic Violence ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and analyze literature on episodes of aggression in psychiatric wards and to determine the coping and preventive strategies employed to deal with aggression of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We used the key words such as "schizophrenia" and "aggression" to collect literature citations, which were published between July 1997 and November 2011, by searching databases such as the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD). The literature reports of aggression by patients with schizophrenia were surveyed by computer-assisted searches, scanning of reference lists, and manual search of relevant journals. We analyzed the reports of episodes of aggression in psychiatric wards. RESULTS: Prevalence of aggression in psychiatric wards was reported to range from 9.1% (95% CI: 6.3 to 11.9) to 49.6% (95% CI: 41.1 to 58.1), with most reports in the range of 20% to 40% (mean 28.0%). The aggressive behavior often occurred in special groups and typically bore a close relationship with the patient's personal qualities, social environment, or psychiatric symptoms. The aggressive behaviors can be attributed to a lack of standardized assessments and intervention instruments. CONCLUSION There is a high risk of aggression in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia, and it is urgent to establish the scientific, standardized, operational systems for assessing and treating the aggression of these patients.
Adult ; Aggression ; psychology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; psychology ; Male ; Schizophrenia ; epidemiology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Violence ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data

No abstract available.
Alcohol-Related Disorders/*epidemiology ; Crime/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; GABAergic Neurons/drug effects ; Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Serotonergic Neurons/drug effects ; Violence/statistics & numerical data