A study of accidental railway-related fatalities was performed using the case files of the Office of the National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea, during the years 1992-2002 revealed 54 cases in which either a train caused death or in which a body was found dead by the tracks. To describe the features of railway-related deaths, I reviewed autopsy, and accident report data on all such deaths. Of the total 54 railway-related deaths, men accounted for 87% of the deaths. The manners of deaths were as follows: 23 were suicides, 2 were the result of criminal violence, 9 were accidents, and 20 were due to other causes. Most railway fatalities were among men between the age of 20-40 years. Many railway related fatalities occurred under 9 o'clock and over 22 o'clock. A blood alcohol concentration >0.05 % was found in 30 cases. Fatal railway injury is characterized by extensive disruption of more than one body region. A discussion ensues concerning the most common type of accidental railway-related fatalities, why they occur, and what future work remains in order to avoid such fatalities. Evidently, fatalities more frequently result from suicides, and then victims' disregard for safety. In conclusion, it is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst for future research on this subject.
Accident Prevention ; Autopsy ; Body Regions ; Criminals ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Seoul ; Suicide ; Violence

PURPOSE: This study was to develop a substantive theory on the conquering experience of group-bullies among teenagers, and thereafter suggest a model for solving the problems. METHOD: Data collection and analysis was proceeded by a method of Grounded Theory. Data was collected by interviewing the participants. Five teenagers participated in this study who had already overcome the situation. RESULT: In the analysis 31 concepts, 6 categories, and 14 subcategories are extracted from the raw data, and all are constituted on the paradigm model. The causal condition is a painstaking of participants. The context is affirmative reconsidering and the phenomenon is conquering difficulties. The intervening condition is a positive intervention of a supporting system and the strategy for action/interaction is building a relationship. The consequences of this analysis is harmonizing. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest adequate ways of conquering group-bullies. These are positive attitudes towards solving problems and the full use of support systems surrounding them.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; *Aggression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Violence/*prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo understand prevalence of workplace violence in hospital and to analyse its relevant causes to lay a basis for maintaining normal working order in hospital.

METHODSA study was conducted to look into workplace violence situation in health care workers in two large hospitals of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province during October 2001 to October 2002. Workplace violence was defined as any events occurred in hospital staff, who suffered psychological or/and physical violence during the past 12 months.

RESULTSTotally, 678 of 1 043 hospital staff (65%) investigated had such experience during the past year, mainly psychological violence. Medical doctors were more vulnerable than nurses, with prevalence of 70.3% and 67.7% for medical doctors and nurses, respectively. Prevalence was the highest in those aged 30 - 39 years with 11 - 20 years of employment. Man staff were more vulnerable to physical violence than women, with prevalence of 11.7% and 5.3%, respectively. No significant difference in psychological or sexual violence between man and woman staff was found. Frequently, nurses and nurse aides were victims of sexual violence. Usually, troublemakers were patients relatives or patients themselves, accounting for 64.2% and 50.0% of the total events, respectively. Main causes for workplace violence in hospital included unreasonable requirement from patients or their relatives which was not met, or not-so-quick recovery as they desired.

CONCLUSIONSWorkplace violence occurred in hospital staff was prevalent in Guangzhou, which should be attached more importance. Comprehensive intervention measures should be adopted focusing on law reinforcement and education, to maintain normal working order in hospital.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personnel, Hospital ; Prevalence ; Violence ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Workplace

Child ; Child Abuse ; legislation & jurisprudence ; prevention & control ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; organization & administration ; Domestic Violence ; legislation & jurisprudence ; prevention & control ; Female ; Human Rights Abuses ; legislation & jurisprudence ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Violence ; legislation & jurisprudence ; prevention & control ; World Health Organization ; organization & administration

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem and human rights concern that has an enormous impact on physical, mental, reproductive and socioeconomic aspects of health. Several health professional organizations recommend screening for violence though current screening rates tend to be low because healthcare providers are generally hesitant to be involved in dealing with women who are victims of violence.

OBJECTIVE: This study therefore attempted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of obstetricians and gynecologists on screening for intimate partner violence in a private tertiary hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool was utilized among 123 obstetricians and gynecologists in a private tertiary hospital in Pasig, Metro Manila, with a response rate of 65.8% (81/123).

RESULTS: Results showed that the sample participants did not have adequate knowledge on IPV; majority of the sample participants were not fully prepared and equipped to handle patients who are victims of IPV; and the sample participants did not routinely screen for IPV.

CONCLUSION: In the Philippines, the obstetricians and gynecologists generally act as the primary care physicians to the general female population. This provides them a good opportunity to be involved in the secondary prevention of IPV. Recognition of barriers to screening for IPV, development of strategies for increasing awareness to IPV, and education and training of physicians and allied health care professionals may improve the screening practices for IPV. These in turn will help them to provide appropriate, effective, and holistic care to their patients who are victims of violence. 

Human ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Spouse Abuse ; Public Health ; Secondary Prevention ; Philippines ; Violence ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Attitude ; Human Rights

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated suicide violence prevention program for adolescents. Another purpose was to evaluate the effects of the integrated suicide violence prevention program on self-esteem, parentchild communication, aggression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. METHODS: The study employed a quasi -experimental design. Participants for the study were high school students, 24 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN. 11.5 program with chi-square test, t-test, and 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Participants in the integrated suicide violence prevention program reported increased self-esteem scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group. Participants in the integrated suicide violence prevention program reported decreased aggression and suicidal ideation scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The integrated suicide violence prevention program was effective in improving self-esteem and decreasing aggression and suicidal ideation for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as the integrated suicide violence prevention strategy for adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Adolescent Psychology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parent-Child Relations ; *Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Self Concept ; Suicide/*prevention & control ; Suicide, Attempted/*prevention & control ; Violence/*prevention & control

PURPOSE: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire (ARQ-K) measuring the intensity of reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea. METHODS: An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (20.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 321 nurses who worked in 3 levels - wide regional emergency centers, regional emergency centers, appointed emergency centers - of emergency care facilities in Busan, Korea. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha values regarding internal consistency were .77~.93 for the subscales of ARQ-K. Factor loadings of the 26 items on the four subscales ranged from .59 to .84. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (chi2/df=3.85, p < .001, RMR=.06, GFI=.80, NFI=.81, TLI=.83, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.09). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses' reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; *Program Evaluation ; Republic of Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating ; Violence/*prevention & control

No abstract available.
Alcohol-Related Disorders/*epidemiology ; Crime/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; GABAergic Neurons/drug effects ; Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Serotonergic Neurons/drug effects ; Violence/statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: In South Korea, suicide mortality has rapidly increased, so it has become a major public health concern. Multicultural adolescents are regarded as a high-risk group due to their situation. In this study, we compared the prevalence and risk factors of suicide ideation between Korean and multicultural adolescents. METHODS: Data from the eleventh Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2015), collected by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were statistically analyzed using the descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The total participants were 63,376 in numbers. They were composed of 62,649 (98.9%) Korean and 727 (1.1%) multicultural adolescents. RESULTS: I found that the prevalence of suicide ideation was significantly higher among the multicultural adolescents (15.8%) compared with those of Korean (11.3%). The risk factors of suicide ideation in the Korean group were co-residence without family, poor perceived health status, depressive mood, high stress level, poor perceived happiness level, and experience of violence. Conversely, the risk factors of the multicultural group were smoking, depressive mood, and experience of violence. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that appropriate and practical prevention strategies should focus on psychological and environmental factors in order to prevent suicide ideation and reduce suicide behavior in Korean and multicultural adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cultural Diversity ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors* ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide* ; Violence

The issue of elder abuse not only influence on the elders' physical and mental health seriously, but also increase the social burden of geriatrics disease and the corresponding social welfare agencies. The text reviews the general concept, type and characteristics, total incidence rate and all kinds of abuse, and risk factors of social psychology and psychopathology, thus the elder abuse can be identificated and intervented.
Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Domestic Violence ; statistics & numerical data ; Elder Abuse ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Family ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; United States ; epidemiology