The increased usage of digital platforms for communication and networking, particularly after the pandemic has caused concern about exposure to bullying and sexual harassment, particularly among young children and adolescents. Cyberbullying (CB) and cyber sexual harassment (CSH), although considered less harmful by many, may cause graver psychological manifestations than their physical forms, due to their potential for wider reach, easier access to private and sensitive information, ability to conceal perpetrator identity and continuous exposure of the victim to the harmful acts. Among the various characteristics, there were differences between age groups and gender, as well as varied psychological and behavioral features among victims and perpetrators which included low self-esteem, low academic performance and interestingly, some victims who themselves, later engage in perpetrating CB on others. The strategies for the prevention of CB and CSH are similar to that of the traditional forms, which predominantly include raising awareness among students, teachers and parents. This article reviews the characteristics of CB and CSH and discusses the limitations in existing laws and statutes in combating CB and CSH while highlighting the need for improving the policies and guidelines on CB and CSH among educational institutions and workplaces.
Psychology, Adolescent ; Gender-Based Violence

Career Choice ; Humans ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence ; psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate current circumstances of violence against wives, and to identify the wife's opinion of the spouse's punishment in domestic violence cases. METHOD: The subjects were 216 married women in G province. Data was gathered from November 22 to December 6, 2004. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and the x2-test using SPSS/Win 10.0 program. RESULTS: About thirty six percent of the subjects had experience with domestic violence. There was a high prevalence of psychological aggression(68%), sexual coercion (36%), physical assault(31%), and injury(19%). The subjects experiencing domestic violence had a higher positive attitude towards the spouse's punishment than subjects not experiencing domestic violence. The more severe the domestic violence was, the more the battered women's positive attitude for criminal action increased. CONCLUSION: An educational program and public relations will increase women's empowerment to solve domestic violence. A more cooperative and integrative program for prevention and an intervention system against domestic violence should be developed for women in battered situations.
Coercion ; Criminals ; Domestic Violence* ; Female ; Humans ; Power (Psychology) ; Prevalence ; Public Relations ; Punishment* ; Spouses ; Violence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between psychosocial working conditions and psychological well-being depending on the gender among Korean interactive service workers. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the data extracted from the 2011 Korean Working Conditions Survey. For the present analysis, 15,669 workers who interact with others at work were selected. Based on the existing literature, a set of variables was chosen from the KWCS. Psychological well-being was measured using the WHO-5 well-being index. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor psychological well-being was significantly higher among men (43.1%) than women (39.6%). Women were more likely to be exposed to demands for hiding emotions, bullying, and discrimination, whereas men were more likely to be exposed to psychological job demands, cognitive demands, demands for responsibility, role conflict and long working hours. Most factors were associated with poor well-being among women and men except demands for hiding emotions, skill discretion and development, physical violence, and sexual harassment. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, some practical suggestions are offered to help interactive service workers adjust to their duties.
Bullying ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sexual Harassment ; Violence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' experience of workplace incivility from coworkers, supervisors, patients or patients' families, and doctors. The researcher identified the relationships among empowerment, burnout, and organizational commitment of hospital nurses. METHODS: The sample included 415 hospital nurses. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: The average incivility score was 2.94 from doctors and 2.89 from patients or patients' families, higher than from supervisors (1.90) and coworkers (1.87). The variables affecting burnout included direct effect of empowerment (beta=-.46, p<.001), direct effect of patients or patients' family incivility (beta=.14, p<.001), direct effect of supervisor incivility (beta=.12, p<.001), and direct effect of doctor incivility (beta=.09, p<.001). The variables affecting organizational commitment were direct effect of burnout (beta=-.58, p<.001), indirect effect of empowerment (beta=-.23, p<.001), indirect effect of patients or patients' family incivility (beta=-.12, p<.001), indirect effect of supervisor incivility (beta=-.10, p<.001), and indirect effect of doctor incivility (beta=-.09, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that incivility affecting nurses results in a high degree of burnout and a low degree of organizational commitment. Therefore, it is necessary to assess incivility cases and to hold workshops designed to curb incivility and establish healthy workplaces.
Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Personnel Turnover ; Power (Psychology)* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence

This paper deals with a background on the Mindanao conflict, observed effects of war, armed conflict and violence on the children, and how the children could best be helped in the light of various aid or intervention programs extended to them and their families.
Human ; CHILD ; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY) ; DISSENT AND DISPUTES ; WAR ; VIOLENCE

Motivation ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Violence ; Wounds and Injuries ; Crime/psychology*

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and analyze literature on episodes of aggression in psychiatric wards and to determine the coping and preventive strategies employed to deal with aggression of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We used the key words such as "schizophrenia" and "aggression" to collect literature citations, which were published between July 1997 and November 2011, by searching databases such as the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD). The literature reports of aggression by patients with schizophrenia were surveyed by computer-assisted searches, scanning of reference lists, and manual search of relevant journals. We analyzed the reports of episodes of aggression in psychiatric wards. RESULTS: Prevalence of aggression in psychiatric wards was reported to range from 9.1% (95% CI: 6.3 to 11.9) to 49.6% (95% CI: 41.1 to 58.1), with most reports in the range of 20% to 40% (mean 28.0%). The aggressive behavior often occurred in special groups and typically bore a close relationship with the patient's personal qualities, social environment, or psychiatric symptoms. The aggressive behaviors can be attributed to a lack of standardized assessments and intervention instruments. CONCLUSION There is a high risk of aggression in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia, and it is urgent to establish the scientific, standardized, operational systems for assessing and treating the aggression of these patients.
Adult ; Aggression ; psychology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; psychology ; Male ; Schizophrenia ; epidemiology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Violence ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo establish an adolescent violence crime prediction model, and to assess the value of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism for the assessment and prediction of violent crime.

METHODSInvestigative tools were used to analyze the difference in personality dimensions, social support, coping styles, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and family condition scale between 223 adolescents with violence behavior and 148 adolescents without violence behavior. The distribution of 5-HTT gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR) was compared between the two groups. The role of 5-HTT gene polymorphism on adolescent personality, impulsion and aggression scale also was also analyzed. Stepwise logistic regression was used to establish a predictive model for adolescent violent crime.

RESULTSSignificant difference was found between the violence group and the control group on multiple dimensions of psychology and environment scales. However, no statistical difference was found with regard to the 5-HTT genotypes and alleles between adolescents with violent behaviors and normal controls. The rate of prediction accuracy was not significantly improved when 5-HTT gene polymorphism was taken into the model.

CONCLUSIONThe violent crime of adolescents was closely related with social and environmental factors. No association was found between 5-HTT polymorphisms and adolescent violence criminal behavior.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Crime ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Violence ; psychology

PURPOSE: Work-related anxiety and depression are frequent work-related mental health problems. In this study the relationship between workplace violence and work-related anxiety and/or depression among Korean employees was evaluated. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Korean Working Condition Survey of 2006. Participants were 9,094 Korean workers aged 15-64 yr. Multiple logistic regression using SAS version 9.1 was used. RESULTS: The incidence of work-related anxiety, work-related depression and workplace violence were 4.5%, 3.5%, and 1.8% respectively. When personal and occupational risk factors were adjusted, workplace violence was significantly associated with work-related anxiety and depression (OR for anxiety: 4.07, CI: 2.62-6.34; OR for depression: 4.60, CI: 2.92-7.25). Work-related anxiety was significantly related to type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, job demand, and social support from superiors. Factors influencing work-related depression were gender, education, alcohol consumption, company size, type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, and job demand. CONCLUSION: To promote psychological health in workers there is a need to develop work-related anxiety and depression prevention programs and to decrease in workplace violence. In developing these programs, consideration should be given to personal factors, working conditions, and psychosocial working environments.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Anxiety ; *Depression ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Republic of Korea ; Violence/*psychology ; Workplace