ASLO is an antibody to streptolysin O. Streptolysin O is a hemolysin that produced by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. Streptococcus can cause upper respiratory tract infection, acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. The rate of ASLO occurrence is 35.22%, in which 12.61% have pathological value with average titer of ASLO is 172.41 Todd. The children under 10 years old have ASLO occurrence rate higher than children over 10 years old. There was not difference between males and females. The rate of group A beta-type Streptococcus isolation is 21.30%.
Antistreptolysin O ; child

The antibody efficacy of 4 kinds of immune antiserum obtained the standard requirement. The antigen of Shigella flexneri generated the strongest immunoresponse and created the high antibody (1/3,200). The antiserum after absorption had a high specificity and ability for detecting the corresponding antigen. Manufactured antiserum met the standards including physical standard, asepsis, specificity and sensitivity and had stability of 18 months. Its standards were the same these of antiserum of Sanofi-Pasteur- France.
Shigella

In Dak Lak province, there are 4 plague foci included EaHleo, Hoa Thuan, Krong Pack, and Cuzut. Among them, EaHleo is a new focus, and Hoa Thuan Krong Pack Cuzut were old foci (from 5 years to more than 10 years no epidemic). We conducted the study in these plague foci during the dry season between 1997-1998. The investigation of serum samples from 1,041 R.exulans is the above 4 foci show that anti-F1 antibody was found with an average rate of 26.6% in the 4 investigated foci. This rate was 34.4% at EaHleo with titer ranging from 1:20 to 1:2,560. The positive rates were 3.8%, 5.4% and 9.7% at Krong Pack, Hoa Thuan, and Cuzut, respectively, with titer ranging from 1:20 to 1:80.
Plague ; Serologic Tests

The indicators are usually used in diagnosis of Hepatitis B were HBsAg, HBeAg antigens and SGOT, SGPT. 150 persons with the positive HBsAg among persons who was waiting for injection of Hepatitis B vaccine in the Highland institute of epidemiology tested have shown that there was closely relation between these indicators which demonstrated that there was an interaction between person and pathogen via immunological and biochemical reactions.
Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.