To study the profile of menopausal women, particularly age, reproductive history body mass index, abdominal circumference, smoking history, duration of menopause in years, type and duration of use of hormone replacement therapy, calcium intake, frequency of exercise, history of fracture and their bone mineral density.
Human ; Female ; Aged 80 and over ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; OSTEOPOROSIS ; WOMEN ; ;

Objective: To detail the experience and evaluate the effectiveness of hysteroscopy in the Philippine General Hospital. Setting: Tertiary care center Study population: All available records of patients admitted for hysteroscopy from July 1996 to December 2000. Results: There were 240 records available for review with a mean patient age of 39.4 +/- 14.2 years (range 15-75). There was an increasing number of hysteroscopy cases, especially operative cases performed through the years. Bleeding was the most common complaint. Indications for hysteroscopy were: endometrial mass (49 percent), abnormal uterine bleeding (16 percent), infertility (10 percent), and thickened endometrium (7 percent). There were 6 cases of lost IUD. A total of 58.7 percent intracavitary abnormalities were noted during hysteroscopy and were observed in the following subgroups: 65.7 percent in those with premenopausal bleeding, 46.7 percent in those with postmenopausal bleeding, 28.9 percent in infertility, and 74.5 percent with the diagnosis of an intracavitary mass. Conclusion: A summary of hysteroscopy cases done at a tertiary care center in the Philippines was presented. This review demonstrates the utility of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intracavitary abnormalities and in the removal of IUDs.
HYSTEROSCOPY ; UTERINE HEMORRHAGE ; MENORRHAGIA

Objectives: To compare the effects of clomiphene citrate with conjugated equine estrogen (early or beginning day 2 of menses vs. late or beginning day 7 of menses) and clomiphene citrate alone on endometrial thickness and pattern (i.e. trilaminar or non-trilaminar) among patients for induction of ovulation. Study Design: Prospective, randomized Setting: tertiary care hospital Inclusion criteria: Women aged 25-40 years old with infertility of at least 2 years duration who are candidates for ovulation induction. Exclusion criteria: Women on hormonal treatment 1 month prior to ovulation, with ovarian cysts, mullerian abnormalities, myomas or uterine cavity abnormalities. Results: Fifty-four women were included in the study with mean age 31.093 years +/- 4.655 (range 21 to 40 years), duration of infertility 4.954 +/- 3.228 (range 2 to 20 years), and day of the cycle when dominant follicle was noted was 11.907 +/- 1.751 (range of 8 to 16 days). Mean endometrial thickness was 0.960 cm in group I, 1.053 cm in group II and 0.850 cm in group III with a p value of 0.040625. There was significant improvement in thickness from baseline with a p value of 0.015166. There was no significant effect on endometrial pattern (p value = 0.236146). Conclusion: The addition of conjugated equine estrogens in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate improves endometrial thickness.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP) ; CLOMIPHENE ; ENDOMETRIUM