OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess the similarity between the results of the evaluation of students during an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and a video recording of the same OSCE (VOSCE). METHODS: All Orthopedic surgeon preceptors in the actual OSCE were recruited to the study. Video recordings of the students taking the OSCE were collected and later reviewed and re-evaluated by the same preceptor after at least four weeks. The grades of actual OSCE and VOSCE were collected and analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. RESULTS: High variability of intra-rater reliability was observed in different preceptors and station (slight agreement to perfect agreement). Overall intra-rater reliability between actual and video OSCE showed moderate agreement with Cohen’s kappa coefficient equal to 0.43 (n-219). CONCLUSION: Video OSCE is a reliable tool in assessing student clinical skills and knowledge in the musculoskeletal examination. Some factors have been suggested to further improve reliability.
Video Recording

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop an education system using DVD video-based teaching materials or web-based learning to reduce sexual violence among teens in Japan. METHODS: During the first stage, June 2018 to March 2019, an education program using DVD video teaching materials was carried out at three high schools and four universities with research consent from the director of the facility. From 1337 high school students and first- and second-year university students, subjects in their teen years were targeted for analysis. A survey was conducted at baseline and after the DVD video teaching. During the second stage, November 2019 to March 2020, web-based learning using improved video teaching materials was developed and carried out. From the adolescents who participated in the web-based learning, subjects in their teen years were targeted for analysis. A survey was conducted at baseline and after the web-based learning. RESULTS: In the first stage, 876 students consented to and participated in the education using DVD video teaching materials and baseline and after surveys (collection rate 65.5%). Among these, the number of respondents in their teens both baseline and after education was 705 persons (valid response rate 80.4%). In the second stage, the number of respondents in their teens both baseline and after education was 250 respondents in their teens who received web-based learning using the improved video teaching materials (valid response rate 87.1%). The improvement effect of the two programs was observed in attitudes that lead to physical violence, attitudes that lead to mental violence, attitudes that promote healthy conflict resolution, and dangerous attitudes that lead to sexual violence from persons in the community or through the Internet. The web-based learning program achieved an improvement of preventive attitudes toward sexual violence. CONCLUSIONS The education program using DVD video teaching materials or web-based learning may help prevent sexual violence among teens in Japan.
Adolescent ; Compact Disks ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Japan ; Male ; Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data* ; Students ; Teaching Materials ; Video Recording

PURPOSE: We studied this study to see the effect of hearing music on response to pain during needling. We hypothesized that music would reduce pain in newborns. METHODS: Twenty term and near-term newborns were enrolled for the study. They were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Hanyang University Guri Hospital from May 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011. We evaluated pain response to needling, such as arterial puncture or heel prick, by using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS; facial expression, crying, breathing patterns, arms, legs, state of arousal) and duration of crying through video recording. We started video recording when the newborns were stable with 0 score of NIPS, and continued for 3 minutes after needling. Each newborn took video-recordings in 2 separate periods. One was done with hearing music (Music group) and the other without music (Control group). Two observers reviewed the videotapes and gave final scores in agreement. T-test was done for comparisons of pain scale and duration of crying between music and control groups. RESULTS: Mean age and hospital days at test of the subjects were 6+/-5 days of life (1-16 days of life) and 3+/-2 days, respectively. Twenty-one of 40 needlings (52.5%) for blood sample were from radial arterial puncture and 19 (47.5%) from heel prick. The music group had lower NIPS score than the controls (5.6+/-1.1 vs 6.5+/-0.7, P=0.006). Among the NIPS parameters, the music group had lower scores in crying and arm (crying, 1.6+/-0.5 vs 1.9+/-0.3, P=0.028; arm, 0.3+/-0.5 vs 0.7+/-0.5, P=0.01) parameters. The remaining parameters such as facial expression, leg, breathing patterns and state of arousal, and duration of crying were not significantly different in 2 groups. CONCLUSION: c reduced pain response to needling in newborns. Music could be one of modalities to relieve pain during routine medical procedures in newborns.
Arm ; Arousal ; Crying ; Facial Expression ; Hearing* ; Heel ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Leg ; Music* ; Punctures ; Respiration ; Video Recording ; Videotape Recording

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of standardized patients'(SP) rating according to the order of examinees in clinical performance examination. METHODS: In the clinical performance examination which was administered in 2005 at Seoul National University College of Medicine, each SP evaluated 16 students consecutively. For all 16 SPs(2 SPs per station), accuracy of rating was evaluated by comparing the individual records of each SP to the 'recording keys' made by two SPs from reviewing a video recording of performances by examinees. RESULTS: The average number of items incorrectly rated by SP was 3.8(range, 0~12), 2.8 in female SPs and 4.8 in male SPs(p<0.001). No statistical correlation was observed between the number of errors and the order of examinees(p=0.843). Even after stratification by gender or age of the SPs or domains of examination, the number of items incorrectly rated did not differ significantly according to the order of examinees. CONCLUSION: An increase in SP's rating error with time after the start of examinations was not observed within the 16 consecutive encounters in clinical performance examination. The effect of SP's fatigue on the accuracy of simulation as an examination progresses remains to be studied.
Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Video Recording

To meet the demands of high definition of video and transmission at real-time during the surgery of endoscope, this paper designs an HD mobile video transmission system. This system uses H.264/AVC to encode the original video data and transports it in the network by RTP/RTCP protocol. Meanwhile, the system implements a stable video transmission in portable terminals (such as tablet PCs, mobile phones) under the 3G mobile network. The test result verifies the strong repair ability and stability under the conditions of low bandwidth, high packet loss rate, and high delay and shows a high practical value.
Equipment Design ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; Video Recording ; instrumentation

No abstract available.
Airway Management ; Laryngoscopes ; Video Recording ; Bronchoscopy

We developed an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion wherein on-line videoimages of fluorescently-labelled leukocytes following within pial venules of anesthetized newborn pigs can be obtained. A closed cranial window was implanted over the parietal cortex, and venules were imaged with an fluorescence microscope(Olympus BHMJ) outfitted with a 100 watt mercury lamp, rhodamine filter cube. 10 x immersion lens(Olympus; 0.4NA), and newvicon tube camera. Final image magnification captured to Super VHS videotape was 470x. Rhodamine 6G was administered as a 0.5mg/kg i.v. loading dose and a 0.5mg/kg/h i.v. maintenance dose in saline to selectively label circulating leukocytes. We made an ideal model with 6 piglets and under basaline conditions in piglets, few labelled leukocytes were observed adhering to the endothelium of 50-60 microm diameter venules. However, following 10min, of global cerebral ischemia induced by reversible subclavian and brachiocephalic occlusion, a dramatic increase in rolling and adherent leukocytes was observed at 30, 60, and go on, of reperfusion. At these times, cortical blood flow, measured by both laser doppler flowmetry and hydrogen clearance, was decreased by 25-40%(p<0.05). There findings demonstrate the feasibility of continuous in vivo monitoring of leukocyte adherence in cerebral venules, and suggest that reperfusion-induced adherence to venular endothelium may contribute to hypoperfusion following global cerebral ischemia.
Brain Ischemia* ; Endothelium ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Immersion ; Infant, Newborn ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Leukocytes* ; Microscopy, Video* ; Rabeprazole ; Reperfusion* ; Rhodamines ; Swine ; Venules* ; Videotape Recording

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inter-rater agreement using the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS). METHOD: The present study was designed as a multicenter, single-blind trial. A Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) was performed using the protocol described by J.A Logemann. Thick-fluid, pureed food, mechanically altered food, regularly textured food, and thin-fluid boluses were sequentially swallowed. Each participant received a 3 ml bolus followed by a 5 ml bolus of each food material, in the order mentioned above. All study procedures were video recorded. Discs containing these video recordings in random order were distributed to interpreters who were blinded to the participant information. The video recordings were evaluated using a standardized VDS sheet and the inter-rater reliability was calculated. RESULTS: In total, 100 patients participated in this study and 10 interpreters analyzed the findings. Inter-rater reliability was fair in terms of lip closure (kappa: 0.325), oral transit time (0.253), delayed triggering of pharyngeal swallowing (0.300), vallecular residue (0.275), laryngeal elevation (0.345), pyriform sinus residue (0.310), coating of the pharyngeal wall (0.310), and aspiration (0.393). However, other parameters of the oral phase were lower than those of the pharyngeal phase (0.06-0.153). Moreover, the summation of VDS reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.556) showed moderate agreement. CONCLUSION: VDS shows a moderate rate of agreement for evaluating the swallowing function. However, many of the parameters demonstrated a lower rate of agreement, particularly the oral phase parameters.
Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Humans ; Lip ; Pyriform Sinus ; Video Recording

PURPOSE: A balloon dissector is widely used to achieve the preperitoneal space in totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to compare the operative results of TEP cases performed with (the balloon dissection group) or without (the plain dissection group) a balloon dissector. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted with a consecutive series of inguinal hernia repairs performed by a single surgeon in OOO Hospital between April 2008 and April 2012. All 128 patients with full-length video recordings were included. The distribution of the operation method was altered during the study period, from dissection with a balloon dissector to without it. RESULTS: Of 128 cases, 57 belonged to the balloon dissection group and the other 71 belonged to the plain dissection group. The demographic features and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Mean operation time (57.7 vs. 45.6 min, p<0.001) and laparoscopic recording time (31.6 vs. 25.0 min, p=0.004) were significantly shorter in the plain dissection group without differences in the degree of bloodstaining and the frequency of peritoneal tearing. Postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Plain dissection may be a safe and feasible alternative method of achieving the preperitoneal space in TEP by an experienced surgeon.
Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Video Recording

Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Syndrome ; Video Recording