No abstract available.
Esophageal Sphincter, Lower*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate esophageal sensitivity to acid between morbidly obese (MO) patients and non-MO controls with abnormal esophageal acid exposure. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 58 patients: 30 MO (cases) and 28 non-MO (controls). Esophageal symptoms and esophageal sensitivity to 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (Bernstein test) were compared between MO and non-MO patients with a prior diagnosis of abnormal esophageal acid exposure. RESULTS: MO patients were less symptomatic than non-MO controls (14% vs 96%; odds ratio [OR], 0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001 to 0.075; p=0.000). MO patients were more likely to present with decreased esophageal sensitivity to the instillation of acid than non-MO controls (57% vs 14%; OR, 8; 95% CI, 1.79 to 35.74; p=0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed no differences in esophageal sensitivity in MO patients with and without abnormal esophageal acid exposure (43% vs 31%; p=0.707). CONCLUSIONS: Silent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common among MO individuals, likely due to decreased esophageal sensitivity to acid. The absence of typical GERD symptoms in these patients may delay discovery of precancerous conditions, such as Barrett’s esophagus. We believe that these patients may require a more aggressive diagnostic work-up to rule out the presence of silent GERD.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Esophagus ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Precancerous Conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and utero-relaxant effect of α-bisabolol on the pregnant human myometrium. Samples from the pregnant human myometrium were used in functional tests to evaluate the inhibitory effect of α-bisabolol (560, 860, 1,200 and 1,860 µM) on spontaneous myometrial contractions. The intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels generated in response to α-bisabolol in human myometrial homogenates were measured by ELISA. The anti-inflammatory effect of α-bisabolol was determined through the measurement of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, in pregnant human myometrial explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forskolin was used as a positive control to evaluate the cAMP and cytokine levels. α-Bisabolol was found to induce a significant inhibition of spontaneous myometrial contractions at the highest concentration level (p < 0.05). α-Bisabolol caused a concentration-dependent decrease in myometrial cAMP levels (p < 0.05) and a concentration-dependent decrease in LPS-induced TNFα and IL-1β production, while IL-10 production did not increase significantly (p>0.05). The anti-inflammatory and utero-relaxant effects induced by α-bisabolol were not associated with an increase in cAMP levels in pregnant human myometrial samples. These properties place α-bisabolol as a potentially safe and effective adjuvant agent in cases of preterm birth, an area of pharmacological treatment that requires urgent improvement.
Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; Colforsin ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunomodulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Necrosis ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Uterine Contraction ; Uterus*

Purpose: The number of older Filipinos continues to rise resulting in increasing numbers of people who live in a modernized world which offers numerous options to prepare for the End-of-Life (EoL). Henceforth, EoLplanning among older Filipinos and the factors which could potentially influence the propensity to plan ahead needs further investigation. This study ascertained the level of health, relationship, funerary, legal and financial-related EoL planning among older Filipinos, and established the association between EoL planning and sex, chronologic age, religious affiliation, ethnicity, health and financial status. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive survey design, including 400 respondents, chosen through purposive sampling and met the inclusion of Filipino, Baguio residents, aged 60 and above, able to read and understand English, Filipino or Ilokano, and without psychological disturbances or cognitive deficits. The researchers used a self-made questionnaire after establishing validity (0.96) and reliability (0.82). The Saint Louis University Research Ethics Committee ensured the ethical conduct of this research. Data were treated with statistics using frequency, mean and Chi-square test. Findings: The responses indicated moderate levels of EoL planning overall. Moreover, statistical tests revealed that only health status has a significant association with EoLplanning. Conclusions Based on the findings, the researchers conclude that EoL planning remains not widely used in the Philippines, thus, intensifying the call for more aggressive interventions to make EoL planning salient and acceptable to older people. In addition, health status affects EoL planning considerably, and that knowing the sex, chronologic age, religious affiliation, ethnicity and financial status did not help predict EoLplanning.
Ethics Committees, Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires