Tablets of inactivated oral vaccine prepared from Inaba and Ogawa strains of V. cholerae were administered to volunteers. More than 50% of subjects had got an increase of vibriocide effect with T-19479 Inaba serotype of Eltor. Antibody response was monitored for several months and the rate of significant vibriocide response was determined.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

A new technology for oral vaccine tablet was elaborated and described in details: 4 forms of tablet were prepared. Their preparation was used on 100 volunteers with 2 doses of 14 day interval, each containing 150 million bacteria of Vibrio. A follow-up of 1, 3, and 6 months concerning antibody response had demonstrated the effect of these preparations. Their control standards in terms of physics, chemistry, and biology were established.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

Oral killed cholera vaccine tablet was administered to volunteers. The serum vibriocidal antibody response was monitored for several months and the frequency of significant vibrocidal antibody response was determined. The rate of volunteers having vibriocidal antibody responses is more than 50% after administration of oral cholera vaccine tablet.
Vibrio cholerae ; Vaccines

Background: Evaluation of genetic relationship of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae clones isolated from specimens and different areas throughout analysis of various genes\u2019 sequence, in particularly, housekeeping genes provides the most accurate molecular database to molecular epidemiological surveillance. Objective: To evaluate the genetic relationship of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae clones in Vietnam to some other pathogenic clones throughout analysis of 2 housekeeping genes\u2019 sequence mdh and hlyA. Subject and methods: 2 housekeeping genes, mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin) were sequenced and submitted to the GeneBank with accession numbers AJ575356 and AJ576090. These sequences were compared with mdh and hlyA sequences from pathogenic strains of sixth and seventh cholera pandemics and from environmental strains. Results and Conclusion: The analysis results by MEGA3.0 software showed that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the pathogenic clones of Vietnam, sixth pandemic and seventh pandemic were rather similar, although having 11-bp deletion in hlyA gene of sixth pandemic clone. The 11-pb deletion in hlyA of the sixth pandemic clone was a characterization that distinguished the classical and El Tor types. Phylogenetic tree were constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on the mdh and hlyA sequences indicated that the Vietnam strain was very closely related to strains of sixth and seventh pandemics (the genetic distance: 0.2%). This evidenct suggested that the pathogenic clone in Vietnam diverged from a common ancestor with the sixth and seventh pandemic clones which had the intact properties of the pathogenic agent. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Vibrio cholerae ; housekeeping gene

Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; pathogenicity

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Enterotoxins* ; Korea* ; Vibrio cholerae* ; Vibrio*

Background:The kit Crystal VC is a Lateral Flow Imunochromatographic test for the qualitative determination of Lipopolysacharide (LPS) antigen of both V cholerae 01 and 0139, from stool specimens, using monoclonal antibodies specific to V. cholerae 01 and 0139 LPS. It does not include culturing the specimen and is performed without the need for sophisticated laboratory equipment. \r\n', u'Objectives: To evaluate the dipstick kit for detection of V. cholerae 01. Subjects and methods: A total of 65 stool specimens from diarrhea patients were tested to determine V. cholerae 01 by Crystal VC kit. \r\n', u'Results: The sensitivity of the 01 dipstick compared to culture was 93.7%, with a specificity of 87.7%. Crystal VC kit is simple, sensitivity, specific and does not require culturing procedures, making it suitable for direct detection of V. cholerae in clinical specimens. Also, the test only requires 10 minutes to complete.\r\n', u'Conclusions: The dipsticks test may be helpful in confirming clinically suspected cholera cases, especially during the start of an outbreak. Once a cholera outbreak has been confirmed, large scale preventive measures could be mobilized to minimize morbidity and mortality. \r\n', u'
Dipstick kit ; vibrio cholerae 01

Aims: Cholera epidemics have been occurred in Malaysia since 1991 till 2003 which can be proved from the records by the Infectious Diseases Division of the Ministry of Health. Moreover, there were also course of cholera epidemics from the year 1994 to 2003 which had been happened in Sarawak. Cholera outbreaks in Malaysia mostly caused by the El Tor O1 Vibrio cholerae serogroup. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of V. cholerae in clinical and environmental samples (n=28) from Limbang, Sarawak by collaboration with Sarawak Government Hospital and to detect the toxin genes from the isolates. Methodology and results: All the isolates were sub-cultured in alkaline peptone water (APW). The boiled-cell method was used for DNA extraction. The total DNA extracted was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two types of PCR were used in this study which are 16S rRNA PCR and multiplex PCR. The results obtained from the study found out that 16 out of 28 (57.14%) samples were confirmed to be V. cholerae species. Four primers specific for V. cholerae were used in multiplex PCR (O1 type, O139 type, ctxA and ctxAB) to confirm the species type and the toxin genes. All samples shown positive for V. cholerae O1 serotype and 100% positive to all genes for the identification of ctxA and ctxAB genes. Conclusion, significance and impact of study From this study, it showed that multiplex PCR can be used for research purposes in molecular genetics field involving cholera outbreak.
Vibrio cholerae--genetics ; Cholera Toxin

4 strains of Vibrio cholerae 01 E1 Tor (V.cholerae 01) isolated from patients of various areas in Vietnam (20 strains in the year 1995 and 24 in 2000) and 256 strains of V.cholerae 01 isolated from various areas in Laos. (15 strains in 1993-1994 period, 21 in 1995-1996, 91 in 1998, 16 in 1999 and 109 in 2000). The ones from Laos in 1993-1996 years period were sensitive to common antibiotics such as tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, but the ones of 1998-2000 were resistant to these antibiotics. The strains of V.cholerae 01 isolated in Vietnam in the year 1995 were sensitive to tetracyclin and chloramphenicol, but the ones in the year 2000 were resistant with a medium level. The strains of V.cholerae 01 in Vietnam were resistant to polymycin B, but the ones in Laos were sensitive to polymycin B
Vibrio cholerae ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; epidemiology ; drugs

The toxin-producing bacterium Vibrio cholerae can cause severe diarrhea and has caused seven global pandemics. Traditional viable cell counts and phage plaques are commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of virulent phage clearance of V. cholerae, but these operations are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and difficult to provide real-time changes. It is desirable to develop a simple and real-time method to monitor V. cholerae during phage lysis. In this study, a luminescence-generating plasmid pBBR-pmdh-luxCDABE was transformed into three O1 serogroup drug-resistant strains of V. cholerae. The results showed that the luminescence value as a monitoring index correlates well with the traditional viable cell count method. Monitoring the number of live cells of V. cholerae by measuring the luminescence allowed real-time analysis of the number of bacteria remaining during phage lysis. This method enables repeated, interference-free, continuous multiple-time-point detection of the same sample without the time delay of re-culture or plaque formation, facilitating real-time monitoring and analysis of the interaction between the phage and the host bacteria.
Bacteriophages/genetics* ; Luminescence ; Plasmids ; Vibrio cholerae