Anti-Bacterial Agents ; poisoning ; Education, Veterinary ; Ethers ; poisoning ; Veterinary Drugs ; poisoning

A non-ambulatory dog with tetraparesis following a pain episode that had evolved over 2 months was submitted for medical treatment and diagnosed with intervertebral disk disease at C3-C4 and dorsal extradural compression at C1-C2 and C3-C4 using myelography and computed tomography. The dog experienced ambulation recovery after 15 days of treatment with only electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine, with marked improvement occurring after only 10 treatments. Six months of followup demonstrated that the dog was stable and had no recurrence of symptoms. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of electroacupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine was responsible for motor rehabilitation.
Animals ; Cervical Vertebrae/*pathology ; Dog Diseases/*drug therapy/*therapy ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*therapeutic use ; Electroacupuncture/methods/*veterinary ; *Intervertebral Disk ; Myelography/veterinary ; Spinal Cord Compression/radiography/therapy/*veterinary ; Spinal Diseases/drug therapy/therapy/*veterinary ; Treatment Outcome

This study was undertaken to develop new analytical methods for assessment of anticoccidials. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was found to be a fast, reliable, and practical method. The anticoccidials used in this experiment were toltrazuril and diclazuril, and the analysis factors were specificity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and intermediate precision. The linearity of each anticoccidial was better than 0.99, and the accuracies were 99.5% and 99.1% with relative SD of 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. To assess whether the developed HPLC method could be effectively applied, toltrazuril and diclazuril post-market veterinary products (five products) that are currently sold were tested. The results revealed no non-compliant items and the method was applied successfully. Therefore, the newly developed HPLC method for anticoccidial assessment described in this study may be useful as a reference method in the Korean Standards of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals for the analysis of toltrazuril and diclazuril.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid* ; Coccidiostats ; Methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Veterinary Drugs

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel suspension microarray technology for the detection of three kinds of veterinary drug residues: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol (CAP, CL and E2).

METHODSThe three conjugates that veterinary drug coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesized and identified by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and mass spectrum. The veterinary drug conjugates were immobilized on the polystyrene fluorescent microspheres/beads. There were competitive reactions between the veterinary drugs in the aqueous phase and that on the beads for combination with their specific biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. The optimum amount of the veterinary drug conjugates and the antibodies were optimized and selected. The detective standard curves were plotted. The specificity and the unknown samples were also determined by grouping according to different concentrations of the interferes and the samples. Meantime, the different microstructures of the surfaces of the beads were also observed by scanning electron microscope.

RESULTSCouplings were completed between small molecular veterinary drugs and BSA. The amounts of the three conjugates and the antibodies were optimized. The detective standard curves of the suspension array and their corresponding coefficients of determination (R2) were good (R2 > 0.99). The detection ranges of the three veterinary drugs were (40.00 - 6.25) x 10(5) ng/L, (50.00-7.81) x 10(5) ng/L and 1.00 x 10(3) - 7.29 x 10(5) ng/L respectively. Simultaneously, the specific detection of the suspension microarray was excellent and did not indicate significant cross-reactions. Errors between the found and the real are in the range of 8.09% - 17.03%. It can be considered that the relative standard deviations were relatively small. Successful couplings were also directly confirmed by the observation for microstructures of the surfaces of the beads by scanning of electron microscope and laid good foundation for the following responses.

CONCLUSIONThe high-throughput suspension microarray should provide a novel method for multi-analysis of the veterinary drugs and have a wide applicative prospects with simple operation, sensitive, rapid and low cost.

Chloramphenicol ; analysis ; Clenbuterol ; analysis ; Drug Residues ; analysis ; Estradiol ; analysis ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Veterinary Drugs ; analysis

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very powerful instrument that can be used to analyze a wide range of materials such as proteins, peptides, DNA, drugs, and polymers. The process typically involves either chemical or electron (impact) ionization of the analyte. The resulting charged species or fragment is subsequently identified by the detector. Usually, single mass uses source-induced dissociation (SID), whereas mass/mass uses collision-induced dissociation (CID) to analyze the chemical fragmentations Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. While CID is most effective for the analysis of pure substances, multiple-step MS is a powerful technique to get structural data. Analysis of veterinary drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline serves to highlight the slight differences between SID and CID. For example, minor differences were observed between ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline via SID or CID. However, distinct fragmentation patterns were observed for ampicllin depending on the analysis method. Both SID and CID showed similar fragmentation spectra but different signal intensities for chloramphenicol. There are several factors that can influence the fragmentation spectra, such as the collision energy, major precursor ion, electrospray mode (positive or negative), and sample homogeneity. Therefore, one must select a fragmentation method on an empirical and case-by-case basis.
Ampicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dissociative Disorders ; DNA ; Electrons ; Mass Spectrometry ; Oxytetracycline ; Peptides ; Polymers ; Proteins ; Sudden Infant Death ; Veterinary Drugs

We prepared a polymorphic form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form I) to overcome the instability and irritating odor of valnemulin hydrochloride that affect its use in the production and application of veterinary drugs. The physicochemical properties of Form I were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed the crystal structure and thermal properties of Form I were very different from those of a commercially available form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form II). Form I and Form II were more stable than valnemulin hydrochloride after storage under irradiation and high humidity conditions, respectively. The solubility of Form I was 2.6 times that of Form II, and Form I was selected for use in pharmaceutical kinetics experiments in vivo. Compared to valnemulin hydrochloride, after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg in pigs, Form I had similar pharmaceutical kinetic behavior but a slightly higher area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration. Consequently, Form I should be suitable for the development of simple formulations and be effective in the clinical application of veterinary drugs.
Administration, Oral ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Humidity ; Hydrogen ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Odors ; Pharmacokinetics ; Powder Diffraction ; Solubility ; Spectrum Analysis ; Swine ; Veterinary Drugs

BACKGROUND: With increasing media coverage of food safety incidents, such as that of clenbuterol residues in pork, food safety has become a major public health concern in China. Rapidly developing online markets attract increasing numbers of Chinese consumers to purchase food on the Internet. However, the quality and safety of food sold online are uncertain and are less reported on. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to systematically study the quality and safety of chilled pork from wet markets, supermarkets, and online markets in China. RESULTS: The chilled pork samples from online markets were fresher than those from wet markets and supermarkets based on the surface redness (a* value). Chilled pork contained high levels of nutritional elements, especially the magnesium and phosphorus levels in samples from online markets. The levels of heavy metal element residues and veterinary drug residues in all chilled pork samples were within the standards limits. In addition, huge differences existed in the quality and freshness of the chilled pork samples from online markets according to principal component analysis (PCA). CONCLUSIONS Most chilled pork sold in Chinese markets was qualified and safe. It is necessary to establish an effective online market supervision system for chilled pork.
Animals ; China ; Cold Temperature ; Drug Residues/analysis* ; Food Preservation/standards* ; Food Quality ; Food Safety ; Metals, Heavy/analysis* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Red Meat/standards* ; Sus scrofa ; Veterinary Drugs/analysis*

In this study, we aimed to determine the antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effect of Bang-Poong (BP, Radix Ledebouriellae) on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Traditionally, BP has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Whole BP is extracted into two fractions that were ethylacetate and hexane-soluble fractions. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30, 130-150 g) were subcutaneously administered by the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the plantar surface of right hindpaw. Twelve days after the injection of FCA, the rats initially showed typical inflammatory edema and arthritis-related symptoms on the contralateral side (i.e. left hindpaw). Both antinociceptive (evaluation of mechanical, thermal pain threshold and analysis of spinal Fos expression) and anti- inflammatory (evaluation of paw edema, serum interleukin-6 level and x-ray analysis) effect of BP extracts were examined. The ethylacetate fraction of BP (BPE) significantly suppressed the FCA-induced paw edema as well as the serum level of interleukin-6 and it alleviated the radiological changes. Moreover, both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by the treatment of BPE. In addition, spinal Fos expression that was increased by FCA- injection was suppressed in BPE group. Therefore, this study showed that BPE produced significant both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on FCA- induced arthritis in rats, while hexane fraction of BP did not show these effects. In conclusion, it is suggested that the ethylacetate fraction of BP is recommended to alleviate the arthritis-related symptoms in human according to the results of this study.
Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/radiography ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Edema/veterinary ; Hindlimb/radiography ; Hyperalgesia/veterinary ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Male ; Pain Measurement/veterinary ; *Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Er'zhi Tiangui Granule (, ETG) on sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin in the mouse endometrium during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and implantation period.

METHODSSeventy-five Mature female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, a normal control group, a model group, and a treatment group administrated with ETG for 10 days, 25 in each group. After mated with male mice, every 5 mice were sacrified in each group at the 0, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days to take their endometrium. In-situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of integrinβ3 and osteopontin in the endometrium.

RESULTSmRNA expressions of integrinβ3 and osteopontin in the endometrium during implantation period showed similar time sequence rules in the treatment group to those in the normal control group; the peak values of them were a little lower in the treatment group than the normal control without significant differences. In the model group, integrinβ3 mRNA expression was higher at the 2nd day, obviously lower at the 4th and 6th days, and insignificantly lower at the 8th day; and osteopontin expression was remarkably lower at the 4th, 6th, and 8th days, compared with the normal control and the treatment groups (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCOH might influence the sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin, bring forward the integrinβ3 expression peak, impact on the cooperation of integrinβ3 and osteopontin, so as to damage the endometrial receptivity. ETG could regulate the sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin to improve the mouse endometrial receptivity during COH.

Animals ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Integrin beta3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Osteopontin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ovulation Induction ; veterinary