No abstract available.
Chinchilla* ; Vestibular Nerve* ; Vestibular Nuclei*

No abstract available.
Chinchilla* ; Vestibular Nerve*

No abstract available.
Gerbillinae* ; Vestibular Nerve*

Vestibular neuritis is generally thought to be caused by a viral or postviral inflammatory disorder of vestibular structures. But there is no definite evidence to explain this pathophysiological mechanism until now. We experienced an unusual case of 34-year-old man who presented with facial paralysis several days after vertigo of a whirling nature. We report a case of facial palsy developed in succession of ipsilateral vestibular neuritis involving superior vestibular nerve which may infer the viral pathophysiology for the vestibular neuritis with a brief literature review.
Adult ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis

Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) has developed as a broadly applied vestibular function test in clinics from its introduction in 1992. In the past, there was only one well known VEMP protocol, which is cervical VEMP, however recently ocular VEMP is also popular. Therefore, clarifying the VEMP recording protocol (cervical VEMP or ocular VEMP) before discussing the VEMP result has become essential. There is considerable difference regarding this VEMP test from other vestibular function tests. VEMP is thought to be assessing the functions of the otolith organs (utricle and saccule) which are evoked by acoustic stimulus. Cervical VEMP is valuable since this is the only available test method which could speculate the function of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. Still, there's less clearly understood part regarding the central pathway of VEMP. However, many clinicians and researchers participating in vestibular research speculate that this functional test will have a more dominant role in the near future. Here we describe the basic principles and methodological considerations regarding VEMP recording.
Acoustics ; Evoked Potentials ; Otolithic Membrane ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibular Nerve

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) test provides a useful method for assessment of saccule function and the functional integrity of the inferior vestibular nerve, and subjective visual vertical (SVV) abnormalities are presumably related to a lesion of the utricle. The aim(s) of this study were to measure otolith function using SVV and VEMP tests, and to define the influence of the otolithic organs in patients suffering from vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From September 2005 to January 2006, twelve patients who received treatment in hospital and also had been tested for caloric test, subjective visual vertical (SVV) and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests with unilateral vestibular neuritis were enrolled. All the tests were done within 8 days after the onset of their symptoms, simultaneously. The SVV was measured in 34 normal subjects as well as in patients. RESULTS: Eight of 12 patients showed abnormal tilt to the lesion side in SVV test, and five of 8 patients showed no VEMP on the affected side. There was no correlation between SVV tilts and unilateral weakness (UW) in caloric tests. Two patients with abnormal UW (54, 82%) showed normal finding in SVV & VEMP tests. One patient with abnormal UW (83%) and SVV tilts (18.04Degree) to the lesion side was normal in VEMP test. Two patients with abnormal UW (28, 37%) and no response in VEMP test were normal in SVV test. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the incidence of abnormal results were 62.5, 66.7% in VEMP and SVV tests in acute stage of vestibular neuritis, respectively. There was no correlation between the abnormal results of the tests and these findings suggest that impairment of the otolithic function is depending on the extent and/or the localization of vestibular neuritis.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Otolithic Membrane* ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) test provides a useful method for assessment of saccule function and the functional integrity of the inferior vestibular nerve, and subjective visual vertical (SVV) abnormalities are presumably related to a lesion of the utricle. The aim(s) of this study were to measure otolith function using SVV and VEMP tests, and to define the influence of the otolithic organs in patients suffering from vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From September 2005 to January 2006, twelve patients who received treatment in hospital and also had been tested for caloric test, subjective visual vertical (SVV) and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests with unilateral vestibular neuritis were enrolled. All the tests were done within 8 days after the onset of their symptoms, simultaneously. The SVV was measured in 34 normal subjects as well as in patients. RESULTS: Eight of 12 patients showed abnormal tilt to the lesion side in SVV test, and five of 8 patients showed no VEMP on the affected side. There was no correlation between SVV tilts and unilateral weakness (UW) in caloric tests. Two patients with abnormal UW (54, 82%) showed normal finding in SVV & VEMP tests. One patient with abnormal UW (83%) and SVV tilts (18.04Degree) to the lesion side was normal in VEMP test. Two patients with abnormal UW (28, 37%) and no response in VEMP test were normal in SVV test. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the incidence of abnormal results were 62.5, 66.7% in VEMP and SVV tests in acute stage of vestibular neuritis, respectively. There was no correlation between the abnormal results of the tests and these findings suggest that impairment of the otolithic function is depending on the extent and/or the localization of vestibular neuritis.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Incidence ; Otolithic Membrane* ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

Vestibular neurectomy is known as an effective procedure in the management of intractable peripheral vertigo from Meniere's disease and other episodic peripheral vertigo disorders. Various approaches have been developed for selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve, in order to preserve hearing and avoid facial nerve injury. Vestibular neurectomy is performed in two patients with Meniere's disease to control intractable episodic vertigo through retrolabyrinthine approach. Vertigo was improved with preserving their hearing. We report the surgical technique and advantages of retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy in the treatment of vertigo.
Facial Nerve Injuries ; Hearing ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; Vertigo* ; Vestibular Nerve

BACKGROUND: Loud monaural clicks evoke myogenic potentials in the tonically contracting ipsilateral sternocleido-mastoid muscle. Clinical studies have suggested that these myogenic potentials are of vestibular origin, especially inferior vestibular nerve. Neurophysiological experimental studies also suggest that they are most likely to be of saccular origin. These potentials are called vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Vestibular neuritis (VN) affects only part of the vestibular nerve trunk, usually the superior division (horizontal canal paresis) which may be detected by caloric test. But inferior vestibular nerve involvement in VN may not be detected by caloric test. So we compared the results of caloric test and VEMPs in patients with VN, in order to evaluate inferior vestibular nerve function. METHODS: Twenty-one normal controls were selected to determine the normal data of VEMPs. Patients group was consisted of clinically suspected peripheral vertigo [vestibular neuritis 10, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal (PSC-BPPV) 7, Meniere's disease 3]. Caloric test and VEMPs were performed in all subjects according to our protocol. RESULTS: Normal VEMPs responses were found in all control groups. In all VN patients, caloric test was unilaterally abnormal and abnormal VEMPs was found in 4 of 10 VN patients. In patients with PSC-BPPV, abnormal caloric response was found in 2 of 7 patients but p13/n23 in VEMPs was present normally in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that VEMPs could provide different information from the caloric test and could be helpful in evaluating inferior vestibular nerve involvement in patients with peripheral vestibulopathy. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):498~502, 2001)
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; Neuritis ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials* ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vestibular neuritis predominantly affects the superior branch of the vestibular nerve, resulting in vertigo. Acute viral labyrinthitis occurs when an infection affects both vestibulo-cochlear nerve and labyrinth, resulting in hearing changes as well as vertigo. The purpose of study is to identify there is a difference of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) in patients with vestibular neuritis and acute viral labyrinthitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cVEMP and oVEMP tests using 500-Hz tone-burst stimuli were performed on patients with vestibular neuritis and acute viral labyrinthitis. Pure tone audiometry, caloric test and subjective visual vertical (SVV) were performed in all patients. We compared the VEMP results, SVV, caloric test in patients with vestibular neuritis and acute viral labyrinthitis. RESULTS: Abnormal cVEMP responses were detected in 2 (20%) patients with vestibular neuritis and 5 (100%) patients with labyrinthitis. Abnormal oVEMP responses were detected in 9 patients (90%) with vestibular neuritis and 5 (100%) patients with labyrinthitis. oVEMP abnormalities is correlated with caloric test and subjective visual vertical in patients with vestibular neuritis and labyrinthits. CONCLUSION: Our results shows that the response of cVEMP and oVEMP between patients with vestibular neuritis and acute viral labyrinthitis is different. We can infer that oVEMP response to air-conducted sound is different vestibular origin compared to cVEMP and may originate from utricle.
Audiometry ; Caloric Tests ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing ; Humans ; Labyrinthitis ; Saccule and Utricle ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Neuronitis