PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased vertical dimension of occlusion on lower facial changes by facial type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalograms from 261 patients were obtained and classified by sagittal (Class I, II, and III) and vertical (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent) facial patterns. Retrusive displacement of soft tissue Pogonion and downward displacement of soft tissue Menton were measured in each group after 2 mm of vertical dimension of occlusion was increased at the lower central incisor using a virtual simulation program. The ratio of both displacements was calculated in all groups. The statistical analysis was done by 2-way ANOVA and Post hoc was done by Tukey test (5% level of significance). RESULTS: Retrusive displacement of soft tissue Pogonion in Class III group was statistically different compared to Class I and II, and in vertical facial groups all 3 groups were significantly different (P<.05). Downward displacement of soft tissue Menton showed statistically significant difference between all sagittal groups and vertical groups (P<.05). The ratio of both displacements showed statistically significant difference in all sagittal groups and vertical groups (P<.05), and Class II hyperdivergent group had the highest value. CONCLUSION: Lower facial change was statically significant according to the facial type when vertical dimension of occlusion increased. Class II hyperdivergent facial type showed the highest ratio after increase in vertical dimension of occlusion.
Humans ; Incisor ; Vertical Dimension*

PURPOSE: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA), a non-invasive technique for the clinical measurement of implant stability, was investigated. Peri-implant bony defect may contribute to implant failure. This in vitrostudy evaluated the resonance frequencies according to various bony defects and determined whether the directional bone defect can affect the value of frequency analysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifteen 3.75 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, machined selftapping implant fixture were used. Twelve types of bone defects that have different horizontal and vertical dimensions were simulated. Embedded implants were attached to the dental surveyor. Then, the transducer was connected with the implant fixture and the ISQ value was measured at four different directions. Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Scheffe test were performed at the 95% significance level. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest ISQ value and 5 thread-360 degrees group had the lowest one. As the vertical exposure of implants in each angle was increased, the ISQ value was decreased. Although the horizontal exposure in each thread was increased, the ISQ value was not significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: Although the simulated defect type was different from each other, the ISQ value was similar among groups.
Transducers ; Vertical Dimension

vertical dimension in edentulous condyle fracture to practice functional therapy. The provisional implant system is a sound and economical method to achieve patient's immediate masticatory and esthetic function. Three cases are presented to document and illustrate the clinical application.]]>
Osseointegration ; Transplants ; Vertical Dimension

Our patient is a 61-year-old, male, heavy smoker, and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who sought medical intervention due to complaints of painful lesions on the left and right corners of the mouth. The patient lost a lot of teeth, only two remained intact and has never used dentures. We present a case of angular cheilitis in an elderly patient with DM and a decrease of vertical dimensions. Clinical management includes anamnesis, clinical examination, treatment and elimination of predisposing factors through integrated multidisciplinary treatment.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Vertical Dimension

As patients' esthetic expectations increase, there is an increase in demand for cosmetic restorations of anterior and posterior teeth that resemble the natural tooth morphology and color. An example of high-strength all-ceramic systems is zirconia with CAD/CAM application. This case report describes a full-mouth rehabilitation using zirconia all-ceramic crowns supported by upper and lower implants and by a minimal increase in the occlusal vertical dimension in a patient with severe abrasion due to loss of posterior teeth.
Crowns* ; Humans ; Rehabilitation* ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension

We analyzed the variability in position, shape, size and incidence of the infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls as little literature is available on this foramen in Indians to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Fifty-five Indian skulls from the Department of Anatomy CSM Medical University were examined. The 110 sides (left and right) of the skulls were analyzed by measuring the infraorbital foramina distances from infraorbital margin and the piriform aperture on both sides. The vertical and horizontal dimensions were also measured. All measurements were taken with a compass transferred to calipers and analyzed statistically. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital margin on the right and left side were 6.12 mm and 6.19 mm, respectively. The mean distances between the infraorbital foramen and the piriform aperture were 15.31 mm and 15.80 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean vertical dimensions on the right and left side were 3.39 mm and 3.75 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal dimensions on the two sides were 3.19 mm and 3.52 mm. These results provide detailed knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and clinical importance of the infraorbital foramina which are of paramount importance for surgeons when performing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Incidence ; Skull ; Surgery, Oral ; Vertical Dimension

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Anatomic Landmarks* ; Humans ; Vertical Dimension*

The patient with an anterior open bite has one of the most difficult orthodontic problem to correct Previous studies have yielded different conclusions as to exactly where the morphologic problems associated with vertical dysplasia- high angle cases are located. In order to identify the cephalometric features of high angle cases and highlight the measurements that characterize high angle cases, 109 pretreatment cephalograms, 35 high angle, 37 average angle, and 37 low angle cases, were analyzed and compared statistically. As the mandibular plane was steeper, the anterior facial height, especially lower anterior facial height, became greater, and the posterior facial height became smaller. All the dentoalveolar vertical dimensions, especially in upper, increased. Arid all the skeletal angular measurements increased. Especially Lower gonial angle had most positive correlation to mandibular plane angle. Upper incisor was lingually inclined, and lower incisor was labially inclined in high angle cases.
Humans ; Incisor ; Open Bite ; Vertical Dimension

The present study was performed to establish the cephalometric norms and to study characteristics of craniofacial skeleton of Korean male and female with normal occlusion. The author studied and analyzed statistically vertical cephalometric measurements of the 52 adult male ranging in age from 18 to 26 years and 43 adult female ranging in age from 16 to 30 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profile. The results were as follows; 1. Cephalometric craniofacial norms and standard deviation chart were abtained about adult Korean male and female with normal occlusion. 2. Vertical dimensions of the craniofacial skeleton were larger in male than in female. 3. Lower face was more divergent in female than in male. 4. In simple correlation coefficients between vertical linear mesurements in male and female, high correlation were shown between ATFH and ALFH, PTFH and PLFH, ALFH and ALDH, PLFH and PLDH.
Adult* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skeleton ; Vertical Dimension

The change of the vertical dimension is of fundamental importance to the orthodontist. However, the choice between the two methods of treatment, extraction versus nonextraction, is not clear. It is not verified that the extraction method decreases vertical dimension, or nonextraction methods result in an increase in vertical dimension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of vertical dimension of face after the orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise technique, and to compare them in relation to facial types and bicuspid extraction. The subjects consisted of 165 orthodontic patients (77 of adolescents, 88 of adults), and was divided into vertical nonextraction (VN) group, vertical extraction (VE) group, horizontal nonextraction (HN) group, horizontal extraction (HE) group. Pre-and Post-treatment cephalograms were taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subject. The comparison of the measurements were statistically executed with Student's t-test. The results were as follows : 1. The facial height and molar height were increased after orthodontic treatment in the all groups. 2. No significant difference was found in the facial height change between the vertical and horizontal groups. 3. No significant difference was found in the facial height change between the extraction and nonextraction groups. 4. As the upper molars were extruded in adolescents group and lower molars were extruded in adults group, lower anterior facial height (LAFH) was increased. 5. None of the pretreatment variables correlates to the change of lower anterior facial height (LAFH).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Molar ; Vertical Dimension*