The comparative analysis of the human and primate genomes including the chimpanzee can reveal unique types of information impossible to obtain from comparing the human genome with the genomes of other vertebrates. PrimateDB is an open depository server that provides primate genome information for the comparative genome research. The database also provides an easy access to variable information within/between the primate genomes and supports analyzed information, such as annotation and retroelements and phylogeny. The comparative analyses of more primate genomes are also being included as the long-term objective.
Genome* ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; Phylogeny ; Primates* ; Retroelements ; Vertebrates

Müller glia (MG) are the primary support cells in the vertebrate retina, regulating homeostasis in one of the most metabolically active tissues. In lower vertebrates such as fish, they respond to injury by proliferating and reprogramming to regenerate retinal neurons. In mammals, MG may also react to injury by proliferating, but they fail to initiate regeneration. The barriers to regeneration could be intrinsic to mammalian MG or the function of the niche that cannot support the MG reprogramming required for lineage conversion or both. Understanding these mechanisms in light of those being discovered in fish may lead to the formulation of strategies to unlock the neurogenic potential of MG and restore regeneration in the mammalian retina.
Homeostasis ; Mammals ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia* ; Regeneration ; Retina ; Retinal Neurons ; Vertebrates

CpG is the pair of nucleotides C and G, appearing successively, in this order, along one DNA strand. It is known that due to biochemical considerations CpG is relatively rare in most DNA sequences. However, in particular subsequences, which are a few hundred to a few thousand nucleotides long, the couple CpG is more frequent. These subsequences, called CpG islands, are known to appear in biologically more significant parts of the genome. The ability to identify CpG islands along a chromosome will therefore help us spot its more significant regions of interest, such as the promoters or 'start' regions of many genes. In this respect, I developed the CpG islands search tool, CpG Islands Detector, which was implemented in JAVA to be run on any platform. The window-based graphical user interface of CpG Islands Detector may facilitate the end user to employ this tool to pinpoint CpG islands in a genomic DNA sequence. In addition, this tool can be used to highlight potential genes in genomic sequences since CpG islands are very often found in the 5' regions of vertebrate genes.
Base Sequence ; CpG Islands ; DNA ; Genome ; Indonesia ; Nucleotides ; Vertebrates

Fetus in fetu is a very rare congenital abnormality in which one vertebrate fetus is enclosed within the abdomen of another fetus. With advancing ultrasound imaging technique, a few case of prenatal diagnosis is reported recently. A case of fetus in fetu with 6 X 6 X 4 cm sized cystic mass in the fetal retroperitoneum was diagnosed prenatally using ultrasound and confirmed by ultrasound and computer tomogram after delivery. This mass was removed completely from delivered baby and finally confirmed fetus in fetu by pathologic examination. Solid portion in this mass was composed of vertebral organization with limb bud, well-developed organ system.
Abdomen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fetus* ; Limb Buds ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography ; Vertebrates

Fetus in fetu is an very rare condition in which a vertebrate fetus is incorporated within its twin. Although a number of cases were reported at 3rd trimester of gestation or postnatally, the authors present a retroperitoneal fetus in fetu with 9 x 7 x 6 cm sized cystic mass that was diagnosed at 2nd trimester using ultrasonography and confirmed on a computed tomography scan after birth. The mass was successfully excised postnatally and consistent with a fetus in fetu by pathological confirmation. Solid mass was surrounded by a fluid-containing sac and showed highly ordered organogenesis around an axial vertebral column.
Diagnosis* ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Organogenesis ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Spine ; Ultrasonography ; Vertebrates

Zoonoses are the diseases that are transmitted to human being from vertebrate animals either from livestock animals or from wildlife. Recently, zoonoses are increasingly common as a result of incremental human-animal contact. Propagative infections in wild animals and livestock are transmitted to human beings who are encountered with them. In general, wild animals can transmit infectious agents to livestock, and then livestock further transmit them to human being is a simple model of on how zoonotic diseases get transmitted to human being. This model emphasizes the importance of early detection of zoonoses by surveillance at its incipient stage. Cooperation between the respective ministries plays an important role in the identification of zoonoses and planning for the formulation of better preventive and control policy and strategy. We will be able to predict the occurrence of zoonotic diseases in human on the basis of disease trends in wildlife and livestock once when we obtain the surveillance data and data generated by respective ministries through sound cooperation and collaboration.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Livestock ; Vertebrates ; Zoonoses

Fibrous dysplasis is a condition characterized by the metastatic replacement of the medullary component of predominantly long bone with fibrous tissues. This change is responsible for the characteristic features, including bony abnormalities, pathologic fractures and pain. The monostotic form of the fibrous dysplasia occurs more freguent than the polyostotic form. The monostotic fibrous dysplasia does not exhibit the laboratory abnormality, extra-skeletal manifestation or the endocrinopathies associated writh polyostotic disease. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia occurs most frequently in the metaphysis of long bones and the ribs. Only the seven previous cases of vertebral involvement (three cervical, one thoracic, three lumbar spine) in monostotic fibrous dysplsia have been reported. Authors experienced a case of monosotic fibrous dysplasia of the seventh cervical vertebrate, so we report a case with the review of the seven previous reported cases of the monosotic fibrous dysplasia of the spine.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Ribs ; Spine ; Vertebrates

Animals ; Humans ; Organogenesis ; physiology ; Sex Determination Processes ; Vertebrates ; physiology

Myiasis is defined as an infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae, which at least for a period, feed on dead or living tissue of the host, liquid body substances or ingested food. Among several types of myiasis, cutaneous myiasis is classified as the most common type. Cutaneous myiasis is subdivided into furuncular, migratory and wound myiasis based on the infested morphology. Common dipterous larvae for furuncular myiasis include Dermatobia hominis, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cuterebra spp., Wohlfahrtia vigil and W. opaca. Early lesions resemble other insect bite reactions, but the physician can differentiate the lesions by the visualization of larvae through an aperture with serous exudes as the larvae grow. Although cutaneous myiasis is not uncommon in endemic areas, there has been one previous report of cutaneous myiasis by C. anthropophaga in the Korean dermatological literature. We report here an interesting case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis by C. anthropophaga in a patient after traveling to Cameroon.
Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Cameroon ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Larva ; Myiasis ; Vertebrates

The plica semilunaris is a narrow crescentic fold of conjunctiva, corresponding to the third eyelid or nictitating membrane of the lower vertebrates. The caruncle is a small, soft, pink ovoid body, situated in the lacus lacrimalis to the medial side of the plica semilunaris. Plica semilunaris and caruncle were described morphologically by many investigators in foreign countries but Korea. The shape of plica semilunaris, the extent of exposure of the caruncle and hairs on the caruncle, in 960 normal Korean eyes with no history of external diseases, were observed biomicroscopically. The results were as follows: 1. In primary position, lateral free margin of the plica semilunaris was devided morphologically into 5 forms. among which 2nd form was most frequently seen but 3rd and 4th forms were rare. The 1st form was seen below age 20, whereas 5th form over 21. 2. In abducting position, form of the plica semilunaris was devided into 8 forms, 6th form was most frequent in male but 1st form in female. This discrepancy between male and female was of statistical significance. 3. The extent of exposure of the caruncle in palpebral fissure was devided into 6 forms depending on the ages. Below the age of 20, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd forms, caruncle is exposed less than half in size, were observed mostly. Over the age of 21, 4th, 5th and 6th forms, caruncle is exposed more than half in size, were seen mostly, 5th form was frequent in male and 4th form in female. It was statistically significant that the more is the extent of exposure of the caruncle, the older they are. 4. In the caruncle, the hairs were one to ten in number mostly, black in color mostly, directed toward medial canthus or forward, situated in lower portion near the medial canthus.
Animals ; Conjunctiva ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nictitating Membrane ; Research Personnel ; Vertebrates